Observations of flow patterns in a model of a marine fish larvae rearing tank

There are few studies on flow fields generated by aerators in fish larvae rearing tanks. The flow varies with aeration rates and tank proportions resulting in different larvae survival rates. The effects of aeration rate and aspect ratio AR (the ratio of liquid depth to tank radius) on overall flow patterns were investigated experimentally using flow visualization techniques. Two distinct types of flow patterns, a single-pair vortex system and a two-pair vortex system, were observed as the value of tank aspect ratio varied from about 1.0 to 2.0. In addition, corner vortex structures were observed in both the region between the free surface and the upper sidewall, and between the bottom wall and the lower sidewall of the tank. On the sidewall, reattachment and separation points were found, which were closely related with these vortex structures.     

浮顶油罐大修中金属结构的涂装

浮顶罐大修中，金属结构的涂装工作量大，强度高，制定合理的朋修方案，选择适用的表面预处理方式，编制细致的涂装工序，是提高油罐大修的工作效率和保证施工质量的有效措施。     

石油库带掩体油罐防护安全距离的确定

油库安全距离有两个不同的概念，一个是防火安全距离；另一个是防护安全距离。针对如何科学地确定油库防护安全距离这一问题，对炸弹的破坏因素和建筑物的破坏等级进行了分析与划分，从而根据建筑物的重要性和抗冲击波破坏能力，确定其允许破坏的等级，再由投弹的装药量计算出冲击波的设计安全距离。对于带有掩体的油罐，其防护安全距离的确定应根据允许破坏等级、爆炸位置以及有掩体的两油罐间防护安全距离的计算来确定。     

油罐浮顶焊缝断裂原因分析及整治

通过浮顶油罐浮顶焊缝断裂漏油的实例，从油罐设计、施工、检修和油罐运行管理四个方面对浮顶焊缝断裂的原因，作了较详细的分析，同时提出了防止焊缝断裂的整治措施，主要从油罐设计、大修时的补救及油罐的日常运行管理等三个方面进行了探讨。     

Tank-mix adjuvants and pesticide residues: some regulatory and quantitative aspects

Although it is well known that judicious use of adjuvants can increase the performance of foliage-applied sprays of many agrochemicals, little information is available in the public domain about their ultimate effects on pesticide residues in treated crops. In the present work, the influence of Agral (polyoxyethylene nonylphenols), Toil (methyl esters of rapeseed fatty acids) and Bond (styrene-butadiene copolymers) on surface and crop residues of diclofop-methyl/diclofop and propiconazole in wheat and field beans was investigated using a model system simulating field practice. Pesticides were applied as commercial formulations, diclofop-methyl 378 g litre(-1) EC (Hoegrass) and propiconazole 250 g litre(-1) EC (Tilt), at their maximum approved rates, 1135 g AI ha(-1) and 125 g AI ha(-1), respectively, both in the presence or absence of the maximum rate recommended for each candidate adjuvant. No detectable residues of diclofop-methyl or propiconazole were found in wheat 35 days after any of the four applications. However, residues of diclofop were present in this crop, and those from applications containing Agral (0.07 mg kg(-1) fresh weight (FW)) or Bond (0.08 mg kg(-1) FW) were significantly lower than those with no adjuvant (0.14 mg kg(-1) FW) or Toil (0.16 mg kg(-1) FW). Unlike wheat, residues of both diclofop and propiconazole were detected in field beans after harvest. Significantly higher residues of the former were recorded from the applications with Agral or Bond (ca 0.32 mg kg(-1) FW) than with those with no adjuvant or Toil (ca 0.15mg kg(-1) FW). All the propiconazole applications containing adjuvants showed a similar significant increase in residues (0.10-0.16 mg AI kg(-1) FW) over the no-adjuvant treatment (0.05 mg kg(-1) FW) in this crop. There appeared to be little agreement between the apparent amounts of uptake, as indicated by the rates of decline of surface residues up to 5 days after application, and final residues in either target species. On wheat, surface residues of diclofop-methyl decreased from initially ca 20 to as little as 0.02 mg kg(-1) FW using adjuvants; the corresponding values for propiconazole were ca 2 to ca 0.03 mg kg(-1) FW. Recoveries of diclofop-methyl from the surfaces of field beans were much higher than those from wheat, declining from ca 30 to only ca 6 mg kg(-1) FW during the course of 5 days; the corresponding residues for propiconazole were ca 2 mg to 0.15 mg kg(-1) FW. These findings are discussed in relation to uptake results obtained with radiolabelled pesticides and adjuvants in the laboratory, and to the mandatory requirements for pesticide residue data for the authorised use of adjuvants in the UK.     

DOPPLER SONOGRAPHIC EVALUATION OF THE DIGITAL BLOOD FLOW IN HORSES WITH LAMINITIS OR SEPTIC PODODERMATITIS

The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of Doppler ultrasonography to monitor vascular blood flow dynamics in defined diseases of the equine digit in a noninvasive way. Doppler sonography was used to evaluate medial digital artery blood flow in eight horses with septic pododermatitis and four horses with laminitis in comparison with 10 horses of a control group. Doppler sonographic measurement and lameness examinations were performed in lame horses before treatment (day 0) and at 3, 6, and 9 days following treatment. Before treatment, blood flow velocities, arterial diameter, and flow volume were significantly higher in the lame horses, while pulsatility indices (PIs) were significantly lower (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, there was no significant difference of resistive indices (RI) in the septic pododermatitis group, but these indices were significantly lower in the laminitis group. No significant difference between the two lame groups was recorded. After treatment, blood flow velocities and flow volume decreased significantly and PIs increased significantly in both lame groups, while RI and arterial diameter did not change. No correlation between Doppler parameters and the degree of lameness was found. Doppler sonography can be used to monitor vascular blood flow dynamics in horses suffering from septic pododermatitis and laminitis, while blood flow velocities and PI can serve as parameters for monitoring the course of the disease.     

城镇净化沼气池残渣还田处理试点研究

通过对城镇生活污水净化沼气池残渣与农村沼气池沼渣性质的分析比较及农田土壤成分的分析，提出了城镇净化沼气池残渣还田处理研究。在连续三年对小麦，油菜施用城镇净化沼气池残渣还田处理效果研究的基础上，总结出了实用的施用技术。     

中小型圆柱形钢油罐直径和高度的计算方法

从实际计算出发，将等壁厚油罐和变壁厚油罐统一考虑，得到了最省材料的中小型油罐的高度确定方法。计算表明，油罐的最优高度不但与钢材种类，焊接水平，顶底厚度之和有关，而且还与所设计油罐的圈板数（或圈板高度），最小壁厚、液面蒸气压等有关。用原有方法确定油罐高度有些偏大。地公称容积同但计算容积不同的油罐，其设计高度应有所区别。     

网状阳极在储罐底板阴极保护中的作用

储罐底板的阴极保护可采用网状阳极系统，柔性阳极系统以及在储罐基础内铺设镁带等三种方式。经济比较表明，在储罐底板采用网状阳极系统，外侧无需使用防腐层，既合理又经济。     

提高石油库罐区土地利用率的方法

通过罐区单位容量用地面积来探讨罐区容量和油罐规格之间的关系以及油罐的布置方式，给出了降低罐区的ψ值，提高罐区土地利用率的方法。提出储存相同火灾危险性油品的罐区容量应在３００００ｍ＾３以上为宜；一定的罐区容量对应一定的油罐规格，才能节省罐区的用地面积；油罐容积不超过５０００ｍ＾３的罐区，油罐采用双列布置比单列布置节省罐区的用地面积。