MAP沉淀法回收垃圾渗滤液中高浓度氨氮试验研究

以实际垃圾渗滤液为对象,采用MgSO4.7H2O和Na2HPO4.12H2O使NH3-N生成MgNH4PO4.6H2O结晶沉淀的MAP(硫酸铵镁)法去除回收垃圾渗滤液中高浓度氨氮的效能,研究了pH、反应时间、药剂配比对NH3-N去除率的影响。结果表明:MAP法回收垃圾渗滤液中NH3-N的适宜pH为8.5~9.5;过高的pH会破坏硫酸铵镁晶体结构,导致固定氨从结晶中游离,不利于氨氮的去除;在pH为8.5、反应时间为20 min、n(Mg2+)∶n(NH4+)∶n(PO43-)=1.4∶1.0∶1.4的最佳条件下,渗滤液中NH3-N的质量浓度由初始的1 671 mg/L降至30 mg/L,去除率达98.2%;同时回收的MAP可作缓释肥。     

根际秸秆生物反应堆技术在马铃薯上的应用

【目的]探讨根际秸秆生物反应堆技术在马铃著上的应用效果。[方法]以薯引1号为供试材料，以不放反应堆为对照。研究根际秸秆生物反应堆技术对马铃薯物候期、田间性状及产量的影响。[结果]处理较对照出苗期提前2d，现蕾期提前4d，成熟期较对照提前4d，且处理小区幼苗发育健壮，其晚疫病的发病率明显低于对照。处理小区茎杆粗壮，薯块膨大时间早，且单株薯块数增多，平均单株薯块数增加0．63个，且薯块整齐，薯皮鲜艳，大、中薯率高，平均增产12159．7kg／hm^2，增产率40．43％。[结论J运用秸秆生物反应堆技术生产的薯块表皮光滑，色泽鲜艳，外观品质和综合质量明显提高。     

Experimental Research on Municipal Solid Waste Landfill''s Strength Character in a Refuse Dump of Chongqing

With the development of economic and society,more and more waste landfill gradually threaten to the development of the city.Some special tests are done to study the relationship of the Municipal solid waste(MSW) strength and the stability of MSW landfill structure.A geo-technical test with the soil samples collected at the scene is done in the laboratory through direct sheared device and the thri-axial sheared device,the disciplinarian and factors are analyzed.The results are referenced to the design and construction of new-built MSW and finished rubbish field.It is shown that some parameters such as composition,particle magnitude,water content,compressing method,intensity and time,will greatly affect the strength character of MSW.     

Characterization of Aspen ASH,Sand and Log-Yard Waste Mixtures from an Aspen-Based Oriented Strand Board Mill for Use as an Intermediate Landfill Cover

Wood ash has a variety of uses including land application, geotechnical construction and daily and final covers for landfills. The objective of this study was to determine the relevant chemical and physical properties of selected mixtures of aspen burner-ash, log-yard waste scrapings (sandy soil plus wood waste) and a sandy soil as an intermediate landfill cover. The treatment mixtures, per weight basis, included: (1) 100% sand; (2) 80/20 log-yard waste/ash; (3) 50/50 sand/ash; (4) 40/30/30 sand/log-yard waste/ash; (5) 60/40 ash/log-yard waste; (6) 100% ash; (7) 100% log-yard waste. All treatments containing ash had a very high pH (12.8–13.3) and electrical conductivity (39–105 dS m^–1). The ash contained significant amounts of beneficial nutrients, but soil solution dominance by sodium carbonate suppressed concentrations of calcium and magnesium. Treatments containing ash showed lower bulk densities but relatively higher soil strength values (2.5–3.5 kg cm^–2) than that for the log-yard waste scrapings or the sandy soil, due to its self-cementing properties. Mixtures of soil material and ash had lower hydraulic conductivity rates (1.0 × 10^–4 cm s^–1) and lower infiltration rates compared to the sandy soil (5 × 10^–3 cm s^–1) or log-yard waste scrapings or pure ash. Water holding capacity increased with treatments containing ash. A soil–water balance model used to determine percolation rates through a 60 cm layer of treatment material showed that treatments containing a mixture of ash and soil material decreased the downward flow of water throughout the year.     

“生物反应器型”垃圾填埋技术特点和应用前景

分析了常规卫生填埋场(CL)的缺点,对“生物反应器型”垃圾填埋场(BL)的结构特点进行了简要的描述,并以美国加里福尼亚州一“生物反应器型”垃圾填埋技术研究项目为例,对该技术的生物降解特性进行了介绍。目前已获得的试验结果显示,由于增加了渗滤液的循环、垃圾水分的控制等措施,使得BL的生物消化能力明显提高。与常规无控制的卫生填埋方法CL相比,BL的垃圾填埋气产量可提高75%,体积减少量增加约4倍,且渗滤液稳定快,一般不需渗滤液处理设施。最后,对我国垃圾处理技术的现状进行了简要的分析,说明BL技术对我国有良好的借鉴作用和较好的应用前景     

城市生活垃圾填埋的产气过程实验室模拟

本文探讨了如何在实验室中建立比较符合填埋场实际情况的垃圾填埋模拟实验系统及实验方法；研究了我国以食品垃圾为主要成分的城市垃圾在填埋模拟系统中的产气量和气体组成的变化规律；证明了渗滤液回灌能够明显增加填埋系统的产气量。     

生活垃圾填埋气甲烷含量的影响因子

对影响填埋气甲烷含量的因子进行了实验，结果表明垃圾成分对填埋气甲烷含量有显著影响；对渗滤液回灌无显著影响。调节填埋物含水率在50％－60％，pH6.8-7.2,同时注意保温，提高填埋场的作业水平，有利于填埋气的产生。     

新建垃圾填埋场填埋气体发电利用规划及实践

垃圾填埋场填埋气发电利用是减排填埋场温室气体排放的有效措施,纳入清洁发展机制(CDM)项目。更具有良好的环境效益和经济效益。本文以广州市兴丰生活垃圾卫生填埋场为例,从垃圾成分、填埋气产生量和CDM项目申请方式等方面分析了新建垃圾填埋场填埋气发电利用规划,并得到了此类项目有益的建设经验。     

垃圾填埋场的甲烷释放及其减排

垃圾填埋场是重要的甲烷(CH4)释放源,对全球气候变暖影响巨大。本文通过分析影响垃圾填埋气释放的主要因素,提出了减少垃圾填埋场甲烷释放的技术措施,并结合国情指出清洁发展机制是我国温室气体减排及垃圾填埋场环境卫生状况改善的良好契机。