草鱼肠道中香港海鸥型菌的选择性分离与鉴定

从广东省某市池塘采集商品规格(体重2．0～2．5k)的草鱼(Ctenoharyngodon idellus)，利用加有头孢哌酮的麦康凯琼脂培养基，对其肠道中细菌进行选择性分离与鉴定。结果显示，12尾草鱼的肠道中，5尾可分离到具有以下特征的细菌：两端生鞭毛，菌体弯曲似海鸥状，革兰氏染色阴性，过氧化氢酶、氧化酶、尿酶和精氨酸双水解酶阳性，还原硝酸盐。不发酵、氧化或同化葡萄糖、甘露醇等15种常见的糖醇类，细菌形态、生化特性与报道的香港海鸥型菌相似，阳性率为41．7％。但在肌肉中未分离到此菌。进行分离细菌的16S rRNA基因序列分析，与GenBank中登录的4株香港海鸥型菌序列的同源性为99．7％～99．9％。由菌的培养特征、形态特点、理化特性、16S rRNA基因序列分析等多元鉴定的结果表明，从草鱼肠道中选择分离的细菌为香港海鸥型菌。药敏实验结果表明，所分离菌株对奥格门丁和亚胺培南的敏感性与报道的香港海鸥型菌有一定区别。     

基于星载ICESat-2/ATLAS数据的森林地上生物量估测

为探讨星载激光雷达数据ICESat-2（Ice,Cloud,and land Elevation Satellite-2）在山地森林地上生物量（Aboveground Biomass,AGB）的估测可行性和方法。以ATLAS（Advanced Terrain Laser Altimeter System）光子点云数据为主要信息源,以滇西北典型山地香格里拉为研究区,结合地面54块实测生物量遥感样地,在前期进行点云数据去噪、分类预处理基础上,对研究区74 873个林地光斑进行冠层参数及地形因子的提取（共计53个变量）,采用非参数模型随机森林回归和超参数优化后的随机森林进行建模,以均方根误差（Root Mean Square Error,RMSE）、决定系数（R2）、总体估测精度（P1）作为模型的评价指标,建立研究区AGB模型。研究结果表明：1）分析以ICESat-2/ATLAS提取的冠层参数、地形因子与生物量的相关性可知,冠层光子总数与生物量具有极显著相关性（P<0.01）,基于陆地卫星的乔木冠层百分比、冠层光子比率、坡度、光子总数、表观反射率与生物量具有显著相关性（0.01相似文献   

松木粉／聚醚砜树脂复合材料的制备及选择性激光烧结试验

以松木粉、聚醚砜树脂为材料,用SHR－10A型高速混合机制备松木粉／聚醚砜树脂复合粉末;用HRPS－ⅢA型激光粉末烧结快速成型机,遴选出复合粉末可用于选择性激光烧结工艺参数及适宜的预热温度,烧结成型。测量了不同松木粉质量比对复合粉末力学性能的影响,观察并测量了输入不同的能量密度时,烧结试件的成型效果和力学性能。结果表明：随着松木粉质量比的增加,木塑复合材料的力学性能降低。对于松木粉质量比为20％的木塑复合粉末,当输入的能量密度为0．128 J／mm3时,复合粉末即可成型;当输入的能量密度为0．312 J／mm3时,木塑复合材料的拉伸强度达到4．8465 MPa,弯曲强度为8．2152 MPa,冲击强度为1．2574 MPa,此时力学性能最强;若输入的能量密度大于0．312 J／mm3时,出现过烧现象,力学性能下降。采用扫描电镜对烧结件断面的形貌进行了表征。     

异色瓢虫对松大蚜和板栗大蚜选择效应研究

异色瓢虫是徂徕山林场常见天敌之一,在实验室条件下,测定了异色瓢虫对徂徕山林场2种重要蚜虫板栗大蚜和松蚜的选择效应。结果表明,当2种蚜虫种群数量同步增加,则取决于瓢虫原来的生境和饲喂条件,当板栗大蚜或松蚜种群上升时,则喜好取食种群数量大的蚜虫。     

Detection of antigenic proteins expressed by lymphocystis virus as vaccine candidates in olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus (Temminck & Schlegel)

Although the major capsid proteins (MCPs) of lymphocystis disease virus (LCDV) have been characterized, little is known about the host-derived immune response to MCPs and other LCDV antigenic proteins. To identify antigenic proteins of LCDV that could be used as vaccine candidates in olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, we analysed the viral proteins responsible for its virulence by applying immuno-proteomics. LCDV proteins were separated by one-dimensional gel electrophoresis, transferred to polyvinylidene difluoride membrane, and probed with homogeneous P. olivaceus antisera elicited by LCDV natural infection and vaccination with formalin-killed LCDV. Four immune-reactive proteins were obtained at 68-, 51-, 41- and 21 kDa using antisera collected from natural infection while two proteins at 51- and 21 kDa exhibited response to antisera from vaccinated fish, indicating that the latter two proteins have vaccine potential. Using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry and nanoelectrospray MS/MS, the 51 and 21 kDa proteins were identified as MCP and an unknown protein, respectively.     

Victoria Blight,defense turned upside down

Genes that confer disease resistance to biotrophic pathogens typically encode nucleotide-binding, leucine-rich-repeat proteins (NB-LRRs). These proteins confer resistance by detecting the presence of virulence effectors secreted by biotrophic pathogens. Recognition triggers NB-LRR activation and subsequently, the defense response which often includes localized host cell death. The fungus, Cochliobolus victoriae, is a necrotrophic pathogen that causes a disease called Victoria Blight. Virulence of this fungus is dependent on its production of a peptide called “victorin” that has been traditionally described as a toxin. Only plants that respond to victorin are susceptible to Cochliobolus victoriae whereas those that do not are resistant to the fungus. Genetic and molecular analyses have revealed that victorin functions like a biotrophic effector recognized by a NB-LRR resistance protein in Arabidopsis. Further, numerous plant species express victorin sensitivity suggesting there are numerous NB-LRRs that recognize victorin. Thus, through expression of victorin, C. victoriae is able to exploit plant defense to cause disease and is capable of evoking this response in an array of different plants.     

Resveratrol Downregulates Cyp2e1 and Attenuates Chemically Induced Hepatocarcinogenesis in SD Rats

Cyp2e1 plays an important role in chemically induced hepatocarcinogenesis. Resveratrol (REV) is known to prevent diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced hepatocarcinogenesis, but its effects on this process induced by DEN and 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF) and the role of Cyp2e1 remain unclear. In this study, glutathione S-transferase placental form (GST-P)-positive foci were used as a marker of hepatocarcinogenesis. REV or diallyl disulfide (DADS, an inhibitor of Cyp2e1) significantly reduced both the area and number of GST-P-positive foci induced by DEN and 2-AAF. Treatment with REV or DADS also markedly decreased the expression of Cyp2e1 in the rat liver. By immunohistochemical staining of serial liver sections, we found that the expression of Cyp2e1 in GST-P-positive foci showed three distinct patterns: decreased in GST-P foci, increased in GST-P foci when compared with surrounding liver tissue and mixed type. The number of GST-P foci with increased Cyp2e1 expression was greater than the number of GST-P foci with decreased Cyp2e1. Protein levels of GST-P and Cyp2e1 were also higher in foci compared with surrounding liver tissue. REV or DADS significantly reduced the expression of GST-P and Cyp2e1 in both foci and surrounding liver tissue. Taken together, these results suggested that REV has a significant inhibitory effect on chemically induced hepatocarcinogenesis, which may be attributed to downregulation of Cyp2e1.     

Existence of salt glands on leaves of kallar grass (Leptochloa fusca L. Kunth.)

Light microscopic studies have established the existence of salt glands on “Kallar grass”; leaf blades. The salt glands resembled the two‐cell type structure described for some halophytic genera within the Gramineae. The secreted salts crystallized and formed whiskers when the plants were grown under continuously high saline conditions. The salt secretion appears to be selective. The secretion of Na exceeded that of K and considerable quantities of Cl were also extruded, preferentially in concomitance with Na. The significance of growth hormones and Ca in regulating the salt secretion process is discussed.     

崩岗崩积体坡面糙度及其与侵蚀方式的耦合影响研究

崩岗崩积体是崩岗的主要沙源地。基于人工模拟降雨试验及三维激光扫描技术,研究崩岗崩积体坡面侵蚀过程。研究表明:利用三维激光扫描的点云数据能定量分析降雨前后坡面水蚀特征。全坡面及各坡位均为片蚀总量大于细沟侵蚀总量,但各坡位的侵蚀强度有所差异,其细沟侵蚀强度由大到小表现为下坡、中坡、上坡,片蚀强度由大到小表现为上坡、中坡、下坡。坡面空间糙度由大到小大致呈现下坡位、中坡位、上坡位,坡面侵蚀方式可影响坡面糙度值及变化趋势,而坡面糙度亦能影响各侵蚀方式的侵蚀强度。整个降雨时段内全坡面侵蚀量最大、产沙量次之,沉积量最小,受坡面糙度变化影响,全坡面侵蚀、产沙量均呈现递减趋势。而上坡位的侵蚀、产沙量无明显变化,中、下坡位的侵蚀、产沙量呈对数减小趋势。此外,除上、下坡位沉积量间存在显著差异外,各坡位间侵蚀量、产沙量均无显著差异。