有风险投资与无风险投资组合的研究

本研究通过引入单位风险的概念，并结合有效边界上的单位风险极小点，给出了各种情况下有风险投资和无风险投资的最优组合方案。     

南美斑潜蝇及其寄生蜂消长规律

对云南省南美斑潜蝇及其主要寄生蜂潜蝇姬小蜂和潜蝇茧蜂的种群消长规律进行了研究。南美斑潜蝇在昆明关上菜区于 4、7、10月出现 3个高峰。潜蝇姬小蜂在春季蚕豆上种群数量较高 ,是控制南美斑潜蝇的主要蜂种。潜蝇茧蜂在秋季大棚内种群数量较高 ,是控制大棚南美斑潜蝇的主要蜂种。这两种寄生蜂对作物寄主有明显的选择性 ,潜蝇姬小蜂在春季的蚕豆、豌豆和芹菜上种群数量较高 ,潜蝇茧蜂在秋季的莴笋上种群数量较高     

台湾本地种梅树的需冷量评估

台湾本地种梅树需冷量的评估方法是在本所比较桃关键栽培种（Ｋｅｙｃｕｌｔｉｖａｒｓ）与待评估梅品种间的花期早晚．由此方法评估结果暂定‘万山’及‘胭脂’梅的需冷量为１００个低温单位（ｃｈｉｌｕｎｉｔ,ＣＵ）,‘大青’、‘房炳雄’及‘桃形’梅约８０ＣＵ,‘山连’约７０ＣＵ．目前（１９９８年）正累积更多调查数据（已调查５ａ）,以“试误法”进行梅树低温需求量电脑模式化的探讨     

组蛋白在基因调控中的作用

组蛋白曾一度只被看成是细胞核ＤＮＡ结构的组成成分，是转录的通用抑制分子。最近研究表明，这类蛋白质是基因调节过程中活跃的参与者，不仅抑制又能促进许多基因的活化。     

Appropriateness of inexpensive, hand-held global positioning system units for creating weed maps in a pasture

This paper describes the practical use of a global positioning system receiver (hand-held GPS) as a means of measuring and describing pasture areas invaded by weeds. The accuracy of two GPS units, a hand-held GPS with an external antenna (GPS with an antenna) and the differential global positioning system receiver (DGPS), were examined in Morioka, northern Japan. In addition, an area of weed patches and a pasture, determined using the GPS with an antenna, were compared to the measurements made with a conventional tape and a weed map was created based on the coordinate data of latitude and longitude measurements. The accuracy of the GPS with an antenna was poor (8.3 m); however, the precision of the unit was reasonable in measuring area. An area estimation error by the GPS with an antenna was 7% when practically measuring weed patches of 141 m² and 1% in a paddock of 12 566 m². From these results, it appears that the GPS with an antenna might have an acceptable error in measuring areas for weed control in a pasture. A weed map produced from the coordinate data surveyed using the GPS with an antenna enables the state of weed growth and its domination in an area of pasture to be visually understood. Therefore, GPS technologies easily can be applied to quickly obtain information on weed infestation.     

应用可拓学原理评价黄瓜根分泌物的化感潜势

 对黄瓜组培根分泌物的化感潜势进行可拓评价, 得出黄瓜组培根分泌物对菜豆幼苗生长有显著促进作用, 而对其它3种作物有明显的毒害作用, 毒害程度为黄瓜>甜瓜>番茄。同时, 建立了黄瓜组培根分泌液的化感效应的数学模型R_E = [ k₁R_p0 / ( k₂ - k₁ ) ] ( e^{- k1t} - e^{- k2t} ) ( e- ^k1a - e^{- k2a} ) , 说明了黄瓜组培根分泌液的化感效应与组培根培养时间( t) 以及根分泌液浓度( a) 显著相关。黄瓜根分泌物对4种受体作物显示出显著的化学干扰差异, 论证了植物种内(间) 发生的干扰作用与植物的品种(系) 有关, 从理论上得出菜豆可以作为黄瓜的间套作物或下茬作物。     

西瓜成熟花粉的超微结构

为了解西瓜成熟花粉的超微结构特点,特别是营养细胞和生殖细胞之间的关系,选取刚开花的西瓜雄花采集花粉,2.5%戊二醛固定并制成超薄切片,透射电镜观察照相。结果表明,西瓜成熟花粉粒中营养细胞含丰富脂类储藏物质和内质网,内质网堆叠,周围和间隙中充满脂类物质;含丰富高尔基体和大量小泡;质体很少。营养核通常深度开裂,产生多数裂片,裂片伸向生殖细胞。生殖细胞流线型,细胞壁电子透明,细胞核伸长,细胞质含高尔基体、内质网,不含质体。生殖细胞表面产生波状突起,波峰背离营养核。生殖细胞一端伸入营养核裂片间隙,2者构成雄性生殖单位。     

梭梭幼苗根系分泌物提取方法的研究

为了探讨梭梭根系分泌物中的化学成分,本文采用水浸提取和循环灌溉两种方法对梭梭幼苗根系分泌物进行收集和提取,结合气相色谱-质谱联用分析技术,分析梭梭幼苗根系分泌物中组分和含量的差异。实验结果表明:循环灌溉收集的梭梭幼苗根系分泌物中检测到35种化合物,包括酚醌类、醛酮类、醇类、酸类、脂类和胺类化合物;硅烷化处理后,主要增加部分强极性有机酸,如苯甲酸。水浸提取梭梭幼苗根系分泌物的中性相组分共检测出27种化合物,但未检测到酚醌类化合物;碱性相组分共检测出23种化合物,醛酮类化合物种类减少,烷烃类化合物种类增加;酸性相组分中仅检测到10种化合物,以醇类化合物为主,占检出化合物总量的72.62%。收集梭梭幼苗根系分泌物循环灌溉是一种有效的方法。     

规模种植条件下玉米茬地平翻整地机组经济性评价

玉米后茬耕整地是玉米机械化生产过程中的重要环节之一,评价玉米茬地机械化耕整地机组的经济性能对指导农业及农业机械化生产具有重要意义。根据实际调研结果,确定了规模化生产条件下玉米茬地平翻整地工艺过程及完成各项作业的10种适用机组;选择年最大盈利值、投资回收期和内部收益率评价玉米茬地平翻整地各机组的经济性能,给出了各指标的计算模型。评价结果表明:东方红1304拖拉机灭茬机组、CASE210拖拉机耙地机组年收益最大;东方红1304拖拉机起垄机组、CASE210拖拉机平翻机组可获得较高的投资效率。     

Nutrient Management,Cultivar Development and Selection Strategies to Optimize Water Use Efficiency

Summary

Cultivars can be selected for traits that improve water use efficiency, and fertilizers and other nutrient sources also can be managed to optimize water use efficiency of a crop. Both cultivar selection and nutrient management impact water use efficiency by altering photosynthetic rate, yield, rooting characteristics, transpiration, or soil evaporation. In order to optimize water use efficiency, cultivar and nutrient decisions should be made jointly. This integrated approach will lead to improvements in water use efficiency, with an increase in productivity and profitability per unit water.