Differential HSP90α expression in fish hepatocytes from polluted estuary during summer

The molecular chaperone, heat shock protein 90α (HSP90α), plays an important role in protein folding, degradation of denatured proteins and steroid activation. It is essential for the maintenance of cellular integrity and survival when induced in response to environmental, physical and chemical stresses. In the present investigation the effect of environmental stress on HSP90α expression was examined in grey mullet Mugil cephalus living in either a contaminated (Ennore) or uncontaminated (Kovalam) estuary over two seasons: Hepatocytes were isolated from grey mullet of both estuaries. Oxidative stress was determined along with HSP90α in these fish. Additionally, immunohistochemical changes were studied to confirm the HSP90α expression. Comparison of the results revealed enhanced hepatocyte oxidative stress and HSP90α expressions in fish from Ennore to a significant extent than fish from Kovalam. Also, the results showed significant seasonal variations with maximum expression observed during summer compared to the monsoon season. Overexpression of HSP90α in hepatocytes exposed to chronic environmental stress by pollutants may confer differential effects on cell survival by protecting against oxidative stress induced changes. The results also indicate that seasonal variations have significant effect on the HSP90α expression.     

立式轴流泵装置进水流道出口流态与脉动试验分析

进水流道出口流态是影响立式轴流泵装置运行稳定性的关键因素之一,基于立式轴流泵装置整体物理模型,采用在肘形进水流道出口段壁面布置丝状红线和压力脉动传感器,研究分析了不同转速时立式轴流泵装置肘形进水流道出口段的流态及压力脉动变化规律。结果表明,当流量小于0.7Qbep时肘形进水流道出口段内壁面的丝线偏移方向与叶轮旋转方向相同,各测点的脉动幅值均随转速的增加而增加;当流量大于0.7Qbep时肘形进水流道出口段内壁面的丝线偏移方向与泵轴方向相同,各测点的脉动幅值随转速的增加而减小。相同转速时,各测点的脉动幅值随流量的增大先减小后增大,在最优工况时脉动幅值最小。不同转速下,流道出口各测点的脉动主频均为4倍转频,最优工况时各测点的脉动次主频均为1倍转频。随转速增加,肘形进水流道出口段各测点主频幅值的增幅存在差异性,小流量工况时各测点的脉动主频幅值增幅小于最优工况和大流量工况。     

基于压力脉动和时序分析的离心泵空化特征提

根据压力脉动幅值对空化变化相当敏感的特点,利用离心式水泵试验平台模拟空化现象,获取水泵出口压力信号.研究发现,在空化发生时刻,水泵出口压力的轴频幅值增大,且存在很多低频脉动成分.同时,根据试验获取的壳体振动和出口压力信号,分别建立该水泵正常运行的时间序列数学模型,利用模型残差的方差值判别离心泵的运行状态,实现对其空化特征的识别.     

Movements and habitat use by pikeperch (Stizostedion lucioperca (L.)) in a hydropeaking reservoir

Abstract –  We used radio telemetry to measure the habitat use and movements of 20 tagged pikeperch (44–59 cm) in the hydropeaking Pyhäkoski Reservoir, Finland, during June 1999–2000. The hydrological conditions in the 8-km-long reservoir were measured and then modeled over eight discharge rates between 30 and 700 m³ · s⁻¹. Pikeperch preferred relatively low water velocities and deep water depths especially during the winter. During the summer, pikeperch moved actively in different parts of the reservoir. No relationship was found between hydroelectric plant operations and distances moved by pikeperch during the summer. Movements peaked in autumn but decreased during the winter to a restricted area. After 1 year of monitoring, 4 out of 20 tagged pikeperch remained in the Pyhäkoski Reservoir, three had died when descending from hydroelectric dams, 10 had descended downstream to other reservoirs or sea, two were captured by local fishermen, and one fish's signal was lost for unknown reasons.     

长白山红松阔叶林鸟类多样性季节格局的初步研究

采用时间序列分析方法,研究了长白山红松阔叶林鸟类多样性的季节格局。结果表明Shan non多样性指数季节格局表现为春秋高、冬夏低的双峰型特点,并与物种、数量和优势度之间有极显著的相关关系;群落各指数季节间的显著差异主要表现在冬季与其他各季之间;各月前两个优势种的比例在多样性格局构成中具有非常重要的作用;5月前和9月后,气温对Shannon指数格局的影响极为显著(r=0 9209,P<0 01)。     

Oxidative stress-activated JNK-MAPK signaling pathway is involved in fluctuant high glucose-induced injury of hepatocytes

AIM: To explore the mechanisms of fluctuant high blood glucose-induced apoptosis of hepatocytes. METHODS: SD rats were randomly divided into normal control group (N), stable high blood glucose group (S), fluctuant high blood glucose group (F) and insulin group (I). Diabetic rats were induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (65 mg/kg), and the fluctuant high blood glucose animal model was induced by intraperitoneal injection of ordinary insulin and glucose at different time points every day. The blood glucose fluctuation patterns of the animals in F group within 12 weeks were similar every day and no significant difference of the HbA1c concentration was observed compared with S group, indicating that the fluctuant hyperglycemia was successfully established in F group. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) in the homogenate of the liver tissues were detected by colorimetry. The mRNA and protein levels of JNK, p-JNK, Bax and Bcl-2 were examined by RT-PCR and Western blot. RESULTS: After 12 weeks, the increases in the intakes of food and water, the urine output, and the abnormal liver function were observed in S group, I group and F group. Compared with N group, the MDA level was increased, the content of NO and the activity of SOD and GSH-Px were decreased, and up-regulation of JNK mRNA and p-JNK and Bax proteins, and down-regulation of Bcl-2 were also found in S group, I group and F group. The above effects were more obviously showed in F group. CONCLUSION: Oxidative stress activates JNK-MAPK signaling pathway, which is involved in fluctuant high glucose-induced apoptosis of hepatocytes.     

Factorial regression analysis of genotype by environment interaction in ryegrass populations, using both isozyme and climatic data as covariates

A sample of 58 natural ryegrass populations (Lolium perenne L.) from the French and Spanish oceanic coast was evaluated for three seasonal growth traits (i.e. spring, autumn and winter vigour traits) in 5 evaluation sites (three in France and two in Spain). This sample showed a high level of genotype (population) × environment (evaluation sites) interactions for the three agronomic traits. A factor regression analysis, using both isozyme frequencies of populations and climatic factors of evaluation sites as covariates, was carried out on a sub-sample of 30 populations in order to explain these interactions. This method succeeded in explaining most population × location interactions by the product of two covariates. For instance, for spring vigour trait, 72.8% of the interaction term could be explained by the use of two covariates: the PGI2-20 allelic frequency of populations and the minimum temperature of the coldest month of evaluation sites. This study shows the advantage of such a method for plant breeders who need to identify promising ryegrass populations for their breeding objectives. A number of genetic and evolutionary hypotheses are also discussed. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

冶河流域径流减少的驱动因素分析

分析了1970—2000年滹沱河的重要支流——冶河流域径流减少的主要驱动因子气候和地表覆被的变化趋势及其对流域径流的影响。结果表明，30年来，流域降水量减少，流域内的年平均气温上升并达到显著水平。流域1995年有林地和高覆盖草地所占面积同20世纪80年代相比大幅减少，林地和草地的质量有所下降，到了2000年有所回升；流域内农田的有效灌溉面积逐年增加。同时流域的径流量发生了明显变化：年均流量自1966年以来不断减小，尤其是80年代以后下降趋势更明显。以致上游长年有水河流部分河段出现了不同程度的断流。     

水旱灾害的治本之策是搞好水土保持

受地理位置决定的特殊气候条件和由人为因素引起的水土流失是造成我国水旱灾害频繁的根本原因.从某种意义上说,修建水库、加固大堤等水利工程是防洪抗旱的应急措施,是治标之举;而保持水土、减少泥沙淤积则是防治水旱灭害的治本之策.     

土壤微生物体氮的季节性变化及其与土壤水分和温度的关系

以杨陵土垫旱耕人为土(中等肥力红油土)为供试土壤进行田间试验和室内培养试验,研究土壤微生物体氮的动态变化及其土壤含水量和温度的关系。结果表明,田间土壤微生物体氮的变化有明显的季节性;夏季最高,冬季最低,其它时期居中;且与土壤温度有显著或极显著的正相关性,相关系数在0.855以上;试验期间土壤水分含量在10%以上,基本能满足微生物活动所需,因而微生物体氮的变化与水分关系并不密切。应用培养试验结果进一步证明了田间试验结果,即在4～36℃范围内,微生物体氮与温度呈线性相关,而在土壤含水量为6.75%～23.23%范围内,与水分呈指数相关关系,当土壤水分小于10.87%时,水分对微生物体氮有突出结果,当超过10.87%后,几乎没有影响。频繁的干湿交替会使微生物体氮显著减少,但冻融交替却无明显影响。