面向“海归”的高校图书馆服务工作研究

随着中国经济和社会各项事业的发展以及对外交流规模的不断扩大,越来越多的海外留学人员,简称"海归",选择回国发展。目前,国内高校教师和科研人员中"海归"的比例不断升高,他们已成为高校教学和科研的主力军。文章以高校图书馆如何做好面向"海归"的服务工作为出发点,分析了国内外高校图书馆服务工作的现状,提出为"海归"读者做好图书信息服务工作的切实可行的措施。     

基于无线传感网络的海参苗养殖环境监测系统的研究

本文通过分析海参苗养殖现状,设计了一种基于无线传感网络的海参苗养殖环境监测系统。通过在监测区域部署传感器节点,监测养殖池中的的温度、盐度、溶解氧及水位等环境参数。将检测到的数据无线发射到远程监测软件,监测软件将分析结果反馈给末端执行机构,实现对养殖池环境的实时监控。本文从系统结构和数据传输等方面进行了阐述,对海参苗养殖的自动化生产提供了一种有效可行、成本较低的解决方案。     

A comparison of three land-based containment systems for use in culturing green sea urchins, Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis (Müller) (Echinodermata: Echinoidea)

Worldwide, most sea‐urchin populations are in decline. Future market demands will likely be met through aquaculture, which may consist of gonad enhancement of wild‐caught sea urchins. In this context, we examined three land‐based containment systems for suitability in maintaining commercial‐size green sea urchins (Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis). Mortality rate, gonad quantity, gonad quality (colour, brightness, firmness, texture) and cleaning efficiency associated with each containment system were the criteria for comparing the effectiveness of the systems (large raceways, small raceways and washtub tanks). After 6 weeks, urchins maintained in large raceways displayed significantly higher mortality rates than urchins maintained in either the small raceways or washtub tanks (mean±SD: 24.3±10.4%, 8.0±3.5% and 4.3±1.5% respectively). Significant differences in cleaning time were detected among the three systems with washtub tanks requiring significantly more cleaning time (0.11±0.02 min urchin^?1) than the other two systems and large raceways requiring significantly less cleaning time (0.06±0.02 min urchin^?1) than the other two systems. No significant differences in gonad characteristics were detected among the three containment systems. Because of the higher mortality rate in the large raceways and the increased cleaning time required for the washtub tanks, the small raceways were considered to be the best of the three systems tested.     

Effect of different feed formulations on feed efficiency, gonad yield and gonad quality in the purple sea urchin Heliocidaris erythrogramma

The nutritive values of three pelleted prepared diets, based on animal (AP), vegetable (VP) and yeast protein (YP) were studied for the sea urchin Heliocidaris erythrogramma (Val.). Fresh macroalga Ulva australis was used as a natural control diet. Triplicate groups of five animals were fed one of the four diets ad libitum every second day for 85 days. Sea urchins fed pelleted feeds had significantly higher food consumption rates (dry basis) and significantly lower total and protein absorption efficiencies compared with the algal diet. The gonad yield and gonad production efficiency in sea urchins fed the natural diet were significantly higher compared with initial group (gonad yield only) and urchins fed animal and vegetable diets, but did not differ significantly from those of the animals fed the yeast diet. Percent protein and lipid in the gonads were not affected by the dietary source. The taste and smell of gonads were generally better in sea urchins collected from the wild or fed yeast and natural diets than in sea urchins fed animal and vegetable diets. The animal protein diet was the most stable in seawater while the yeast protein diet had the poorest water stability. The results of this study suggest that development of a more stable, single‐cell, protein‐based diet has a potential to promote gonad production of H. erythrogramma.     

EM菌对海参养殖水体主要污染物净化效果的研究

利用室内小试验与池塘试验相结合的方法,研究了不同浓度的EM菌原液对海参(Apostichopus japonicus Selenka)养殖水体的净化效果.结果表明,EM菌能显著降解氨氮(NH3-N)、亚硝酸盐(NO-2-)、磷酸盐(PO3-4-)、COD(P ＜0.05):Ⅳ组(4*109 cfu/m3)降解NH3-N、PO34-效果最佳,两者平均去除率在试验箱中分别为38.42％和58.33％,在试验池中分别为35.92％和33.00％;V组(5.0* 109 cfu/m3)降解NO-2-、COD效果最佳,平均去除率分别为22.73％(试验箱)和37.84％(试验池)、17.63％(试验箱)和18.51％(试验池);硝酸盐(NO-3-)在各试验箱变化不明显,在试验池中却升高71.33％;各试验组底泥中总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)去除效果不明显(P＞0.05).     

气相色谱内标法测定沙棘果肉油和种子油中的主要脂肪酸

以5个沙棘(Hippopha觕rhamnoides L.)品种的果实为试材,建立气相色谱内标法测定沙棘果肉油和种子油主要脂肪酸成分的方法。果肉油和种子油采用氯仿-甲醇法提取,甲醇钠-甲醇法甲酯化衍生后进行定性和定量。结果表明,十九烷酸甲酯是气相色谱法测定沙棘果实中脂肪酸成分含量的理想内标物。果肉油和种子油中的主要脂肪酸为棕榈酸、棕榈油酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸和α-亚麻酸。果肉油中棕榈油酸(36.25%)和棕榈油酸(28.92%)含量高,α-亚麻酸含量低;种子油中亚油酸(33.65%)和α-亚麻酸(32.95%)含量高,棕榈油酸含量低。5个品种沙棘的果肉油和种子油中主要脂肪酸的组成及含量存在一定的差异。亚历山大12号果肉油中的脂肪酸含量最高,为84.84 g/100 g油;无刺丰种子油中的脂肪酸含量最高,为88.39 g/100 g油。该方法操作简便、快速、重复性好,适合沙棘油脂样品中脂肪酸的定量测定。     

舟山近海海域夏季上升流时空特征及其与风场的关系

利用2002-2013年期间的卫星遥感海表温度(SST)数据分析了舟山海域夏季上升流的时空特征,并结合同时期的海面风场数据探讨了风对该海域夏季上升流的影响。对多年夏季月平均的SST进行经验正交函数(EOF)分解结果表明,7月份前两个模态方差贡献率分别为71.66%、16.55%,8月份前两个模态方差贡献率分别为87.03%和7.30%,并均通过了显著性检验,舟山近海海域的上升流存在较为明显的年际变化。相关分析显示,经向风速和SST异常存在显著的负相关关系,即夏季盛行的西南风有利于上升流的发展。并且,艾克曼(Ekman)体积输运计算结果表明,舟山海域7、8月份风生上升流的量级分别为3.0×10~(-5)m/s和1.5×10~(-5)m/s,7月上升流显著强于8月,这与8月份观测到的海表显著低温异常相关。     

Sea lice treatments, management practices and sea lice sampling methods on Atlantic salmon farms in the Bay of Fundy, New Brunswick, Canada

Proper monitoring of all stages of sea lice is imperative to ensure the strategic timing of treatments. Although sea lice receive close attention and management for production purposes, there are no regulations for the reporting of lice burdens on salmon farms in Atlantic Canada, nor are there officially standardized protocols for conducting sea lice counts in the field. The purpose of this study was to complete a survey of Atlantic salmon farms in the Bay of Fundy, NB, Canada. The survey addressed many aspects of sea lice monitoring and control, including methods for sea lice sampling at the site, types of treatments administered for control of sea lice and management practices and decisions regarding the control of sea lice. A total of 83 surveys were completed from July to December 2002. Twelve of the 60 respondents owned and/or operated more than one site and completed a survey for each of their sites at the time of the interview. The position of individuals surveyed included 48 site managers (representing 63 sites), three site owners (representing 11 sites), eight individuals who were both owner and manager (representing nine sites) and one site veterinarian (representing one site). Surveys were completed on 30 sites from the Limekiln Bay and surrounding areas, 23 sites from Grand Manan Island, 18 sites from Deer Island, six sites from Campobello Island and six sites from Passamaquoddy Bay. Fish farmers, in concert with their veterinarians, generally perform intensive monitoring and control practices. However, there is a continued reliance on emamectin benzoate (SLICE^®) for sea lice control on Atlantic salmon farms in the Bay of Fundy, which raises concerns regarding the potential for sea lice to develop resistance to the drug.     

海洋环境因子对日本海太平洋褶柔鱼渔场时空分布的影响

根据2010—2013年11—12月日本海太平洋褶柔鱼(Todarodes pacificus)的渔获生产数据,并结合遥感获取的海洋环境数据,利用渔获量重心法、地统计插值和数理统计方法,分析了太平洋褶柔鱼的资源丰度与渔获量重心的时空变化及其与主要环境因子(海表温度、叶绿素浓度、海流)之间的关系。研究表明,渔场重心每年稍有差异,经度重心集中在132°20′E附近;纬度重心集中在36°30′N和37°30′N两个位置附近。GAM模型显示,日本海太平洋褶柔鱼渔场的最适海表温度为16~18℃;最适叶绿素a浓度为0.37~0.45 mg/m3。海洋环境与单位捕捞努力渔获量(CPUE)的回归方程的显著性检验表明,除了叶绿素a浓度呈一般显著外,海表温度和空间因子在CPUE上的回归均极显著(P0.01),符合统计意义。4年间渔场的适宜环境范围有所差异,推断主要是日本海海域对马暖流、东朝鲜暖流与里曼寒流相互交汇的强弱作用力引起的,也有不同年份季风的强弱不同以及全球气候变化的因素存在。每一年的渔场海洋环境因子稍有差别,对其资源量的影响巨大。