呼伦贝尔沙地治理战略布局探讨

根据呼伦贝尔沙地自然地理条件和生态建设工程的实际状况，将呼伦贝尔沙地治理规划成3大措施区、5大治理类型区，在每个类型区提出了相应的治理重点和主攻方向，并结合工程治理、休牧禁牧、生态移民实现沙地的全面保护和治理，消除沙害，使沙区生态环境根本好转，实现沙区经济社会可持续发展。     

The effect of lime levels on the growth of beans and maize and nodulation of beans in three tropical acid soils

Abstract

A study to investigate the effect of lime on dry matter yield of maize (Zea mays) and beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) and nodulation of beans grown in three tropical acid soils (two humic Nitosols and one humic Andosol) was carried out in a greenhouse. The soils ranged from 4.2 to 5.0 in pH; 1.74 to 4.56 in %C; 21.0 to 32.0 meq/100g in CEC; 5.10 to 8.10 meq/100g in exchange acidity; 0.60 to 3.20 meq/100g in exchangeable (exch.) Al and 0.13 to 0.67 meq/ 100g in exch. Mn.

Exchange acidity and exch. Al decreased with increasing levels of lime in the three soils. Exchangeable Al was reduced to virtually zero at pH 5.5 even in the soils which had appreciable initial amounts. Exchangeable Mn also decreased with increasing levels of lime in the two Nitolsos. Exceptional results, however, were obtained with the Andosol where exch. Mn increased ten‐fold with the first level of lime and then decreased with subsequent levels.

In all the soils, mean dry matter yield of beans and maize, and mean nodule dry weight of beans generally increased significantly with increasing lime levels up to pH value of 6.0. The dry matter yield of beans and maize, and nodule weight of beans, however, decreased progressively with increasing lime levels beyond pH 6.0 value. pH range of 5.5 to 6.0 was considered optimum for the growth of maize and beans, and nodulation of beans in these soils.     

农村防洪工程堤线布置与堤型选择

以某农村防洪工程为例,根据流域规划、工程现状、地形条件等因素,按照防洪标准,确定堤线布置形式。提出堤型方案,通过技术经济比较,确定合理堤型,即采用梯形断面均质土堤。     

山地区域小尺度土地类型划分与结构分析——以云南省永胜县顺州乡为例

从土地发生学与结构学的角度出发,通过对山地区域土地分异规律的研究,运用景观法的原理建立了土地类型划分体系,选取地形地貌、土壤与植被条件作为土地类型划分的主要分异因素,在此基础上,对云南省永胜县顺州乡土地进行了类型划分,并分析了土地类型的空间结构与数量结构,以期为土地利用与生态建设等提供参考依据。     

饲粮能量和蛋白质水平对滩羊小肠中小肽和氨基酸转运载体mRNA表达量的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮能量和蛋白质水平对滩羊小肠中小肽和氨基酸转运载体mRNA表达量的影响。选取112只健康、体重相近的滩羊,随机分成4组,每组4个重复,每个重复7只羊。标准水平的饲粮能量和蛋白质水平参考《肉羊饲养标准》(NY/T 816—2004),各组试验滩羊分别饲喂不同能量和蛋白质水平饲粮:0.84×标准水平(Ⅰ组)、0.96×标准水平(Ⅱ组)、1.08×标准水平(Ⅲ组)和1.20×标准水平(Ⅳ组)。试验根据羊体重分2个阶段:29~35 kg和36~40 kg。于每个阶段末,每个重复屠宰1只试验羊,取其小肠组织样,运用实时荧光定量PCR技术,研究小肽转运载体1(Pep T1)、y+型氨基酸转运载体1(CAT1)、兴奋性氨基酸转运载体3(EAAT3)mRNA表达量的变化。结果表明:1)在29~35 kg阶段末,小肠中Pep T1 mRNA的表达量随着饲粮能量和蛋白质水平的提高呈先下降再上升的趋势,Ⅱ组显著低于其他3组(P0.05);Ⅳ组小肠中CAT1 mRNA的表达量显著高于其他3组(P0.05);Ⅲ组小肠中EAAT3mRNA的表达量显著高于其他3组(P0.05)。2)在36~40 kg阶段末,Ⅱ组小肠中Pep T1mRNA的表达量显著高于其他3组(P0.05);Ⅱ组小肠中CAT1 mRNA的表达量显著高于Ⅲ组(P0.05);小肠中EAAT3 mRNA的表达量随着饲粮能量和蛋白质水平的提高呈上升趋势,Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组小肠中EAAT3 mRNA的表达量显著高于Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组(P0.05)。由此可见,饲粮能量和蛋白质水平会影响滩羊小肠中Pep T1、CAT1、EAAT3 mRNA的表达量,使机体对小肽和氨基酸的吸收利用率随之改变,以适应滩羊的生长发育。     

Effects of pirenzepine on expression of MMP-2 and TIMP-2 in stroma of sclera in chick myopic eyes

AIM:To observe the effect of intravitreal injection of pirenzepine on form-deprivation myopia in chicks. METHODS:Forty-one day old chicks were randomly divided into 4 groups:normal control group, form deprivation group, vehicle control group and pirenzepine injection group. The right eyes of all chicks were used as experimental eyes. The deprived eyes in vehicle control group and pirenzepine injection group received daily intravitreal injection of vehicle control solution(0.01 mol/L PBS) and pirenzepine(1%in PBS), respectively. Optical examinations such as refraction, axial length and equatorial diameter were made at the end of the 5th day. The mRNA and protein levels of matrix metalloproteinase 2(MMP-2) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2(TIMP-2), and the activity of MMP-2 were detected by RT-PCR, Western blotting and zymography analysis,respectively. RESULTS:Refraction, axial length and equatorial diameter of the eyes in pirenzepine injection group were significantly lower than those in form deprivation group and vehicle control group(P<0.05), but those were higher(P<0.05) and the eyes were relatively myopic as compared with normal control group. The mRNA expression, protein le vels and activity of MMP-2 in pirenzepine group were significantly higher than those in normal control group(P<0.01), and were significantly lower than those in form deprivation group and vehicle control group(P<0.01, P<0.01). The mRNA and protein levels of TIMP-2 in pirenzepine group were significantly lower than those in normal control group(P<0.01), and was significantly higher than those in form deprivation group and vehicle control group(P<0.01, P<0.01). CONCLUSION:Intravitreal injection of pirenzepine may partly prevent form-deprivation myopia by modulating the expression of MMP-2 and TIMP-2 in the fibrous layer of sclera.     

Interaction of NR2D subunit of NMDA receptor with MOCA

AIM: To identify the potential proteins interacting with NR2D subunit of NMDA receptor by yeast two-hybrid screening and to investigate the role of NR2D in excitotoxicity of the retina.METHODS: The Clontech GAL4 yeast two-hybrid system was used to screen the mouse brain cDNA library, and the bait plasmid containing C-terminus of NR2D was constructed. Physical interaction between 2 proteins was verified by co-immunoprecipitation assay. The subcellular localization of 2 proteins in the mouse retina was observed under microscope with immunofluorescence.RESULTS: Modifier of cell adhesion (MOCA) was identified as a new protein interacting with NR2D. MOCA and NR2D were co-expressed in the mouse retina. CONCLUSION: MOCA specifically interacts with NR2D, which provides the experimental basis for identifying the role of glutamate excitotoxicity in the retina neurodegeneration.     

Census and effective population sizes of white‐spotted charr (Salvelinus leucomaenis) in a fragmented landscape

Several habitat models have been proposed to predict population size for stream fishes and to guide habitat assessment and monitoring techniques. However, most models do not incorporate the potential advantage of molecular genetic markers. We conducted a field survey and microsatellite DNA analyses to quantify the relationships among genetic diversity, census/effective population size and habitat variables in fragmented populations of white‐spotted charr (Salvelinus leucomaenis). The census population size significantly increased with the stream length, the number of pools and a pool‐riffle sequence index, a proxy for channel‐unit habitat type complexity within reaches. Population density was correlated with the pool‐riffle sequence index only. Genetic diversity and effective population size were not correlated with the habitat variables or census population size. There was a lack of isolation‐by‐distance population structure in the studied populations. Our results suggest that stream length and the number of pools within reaches associated with habitat complexity are the habitat variables that explain the majority of variation in population size of white‐spotted charr. Our findings provide further evidence that census population size per se is a poor indicator of the inclusive genetic diversity within populations in a fragmented landscape.     

动物鲜味受体的研究进展及其基因表达调控

动物的鲜味受体包括代谢型谷氨酸受体(m GluR)和味觉受体异源二聚体(T1R1/T1R3),是C型G蛋白偶联受体,N末端捕蝇草模块(VFT)区域可与鲜味配体结合,识别鲜味。本文主要论述了鲜味受体的研究进展、鲜味识别转导机制及鲜味受体基因的表达调控等,以期为相关研究提供参考。