Availability of environmental and dietary calcium in tiger puffer

Tiger puffer, Takifugu rubripes, juveniles were fed with four semi-purified experimental diets containing 0.2% Ca from Ca-lactate (diet 1), no supplemental Ca (diet 2) and 0.2% and 2.5% Ca from tricalcium phosphate, TCP (diets 3 and 4), respectively. After a 10 week rearing period, growth and feed utilization were significantly lower in the fish group fed on diet 2 than in the fish group fed on diet 1. Fish groups fed on diets 3 and 4 also showed poor growth performances compared with group 1. It appears that Ca intake from seawater is not sufficient for the normal growth of tiger puffer. Furthermore, Ca in dietary TCP appeared to be unavailable to this species. Dietary TCP strongly inhibited the bone mineralization of Zn and Mn. The findings indicate that easily digestible Ca supplementation is indispensable in a diet of tiger puffer for normal growth, feed utilization and bone mineralization. © Rapid Science Ltd. 1998     

在循环水养殖系统中养殖密度对红鳍东方鲀应激反应和抗氧化状态的影响

养殖密度是影响养殖水体水质和鱼类生长性能的重要因素。通过红鳍东方鲀(Takifugu rubripes)循环水养殖试验和硝酸盐氮急性处理试验,分别研究不同养殖密度(12.5~20.0 kg/m^3)和不同硝酸盐氮质量浓度(1.0、25.0、100.0和150.0 mg/L)对养殖水体水质、红鳍东方鲀生长性能、应激反应和抗氧化状态的影响。结果显示:不同养殖密度对红鳍东方鲀养殖水体的pH、氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮质量浓度无显著性影响,但较高密度会导致硝酸盐氮质量浓度显著升高,最高升至24.5 mg/L。在较高养殖密度条件下,红鳍东方鲀的生长性能(终体质量、特定增长率和饲料转化率)和抗氧化能力(总抗氧化能力、超氧化物歧化酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶)较弱,但其脂质过氧化(丙二醛)和应激反应(葡萄糖、乳酸和皮质醇)较强。此外,在硝酸盐氮急性处理试验中,红鳍东方鲀未出现死亡。当硝酸盐氮质量浓度为100.0和150.0 mg/L时,红鳍东方鲀抗氧化能力较弱,而应激反应较强。综上,当养殖密度为16.5 kg/m^3时,红鳍东方鲀的生长和抗氧化状态较好,且应激压力较小,这表明在较高密度条件下,养殖水体硝酸盐氮质量浓度的升高不是引起鱼类生长抑制的主要原因。     

Comparison between α-LNA and DHA in early developmental stages of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Takifugu obscurus</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Takifugu rubripes</Emphasis>

ABSTRACT:   Rearing experiments were conducted to investigate the essential fatty acid requirements in the early developmental stages of river puffer Takifugu obscurus and tiger puffer T. rubripes using two n-3 series unsaturated fatty acids, α-linolenic acid (18:3n-3, α-LNA) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3, DHA), under salinity of 30 and 18.5–20.3°C. River and tiger puffer larvae used in this study were 15 and 14 days old after hatching, and their average body weights were 30.1 and 20.8 mg, respectively. The results on fatty acid requirements of these two species were evaluated from fish growth, survival, fatty acid composition of the fish body and activity test results. The DHA groups of both river and tiger puffer exhibited better survival and weight gain. However, there was no difference in the mean final body weights of river puffer between two dietary groups. Also, the DHA group of tiger puffer showed better results in the recovery test from anesthetic condition than that obtained in the LNA group. In an examination of the fatty acid compositions of the whole body, the LNA group containing no dietary DHA resulted in 0.5% DHA in tiger puffer and 1.1% DHA in river puffer . These results suggest that α-LNA from Artemia converted to eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3, EPA) and to DHA successively by their fatty acid metabolism. Symptoms following essential fatty acid deficiency were not observed in any experimental groups. As river puffer did not represent a significant difference in the dietary effects between α-LNA and DHA treatment groups, its essential fatty acid requirement was assumed to be somewhat closer to that of the freshwater fishes in comparison with that of marine fishes, including tiger puffer.     

Growth of tiger puffer Takifugu rubripes in closed recirculating culture system

ABSTRACT:   Two feeding experiments were conducted to elucidate growth performance of tiger puffer in a 10 m³ water volume closed system. In experiment 1, 1000 fish of 3.5 g average body weight were fed tiger puffer commercial feed twice daily to apparent satiation, 6 days a week for 224 days. Sand-filtered sea water was used and no water was exchanged during the rearing period. Immediately after cutting of lower teeth at day 112, daily feed consumption decreased greatly and 60 fish died in few days. Feeding rates recovered and then decreased gradually as nitrate levels increased from 600–1048 mg N/L. Fish grew to 343 g with 91% survival rate and 87% feed efficiency. Rearing conditions of experiment 2 were similar to experiment 1, except that culture water was exchanged to maintain the nitrate level less than 600 mg N/L during the 224-day experiment. Mortality and reduction of feed consumption occurred immediately after teeth cutting as was observed in experiment 1. Significant reduction of feed intake was not found during other rearing periods. Fish of 3 g grew to 303 g with 91% survival rate and 72% feed efficiency.     

几种添加剂对红鳍东方的促生长效果与RNA/DNA关系

在饲料中加入5种添加剂饲喂红鳍东方Tun32d，测定鱼体增重率为RNA、DNA含量，结果表明，5组饲料的增重率分别为106．96％、82．92％、83．46％、102．94％、83．23％，对照组为78．09％；RNA／DNA分别为4．47、2．56、2．72、4．21、2．65，对照组为2．35。增重率为RNA／DNA呈线性关系。试验表明，肌肉中RNA／DNA比率是一个非常灵敏地反映鱼类生长的指标，可作为鱼类生长及其饲料添加剂优劣的指标。     

引进红鳍东方钝受精卵苗种培育技术研究

１９９６－２０００年，先后４次５批从日本引进红鳍东方tun受精卵５.2kg(约３０２万粒）进行苗种培育试验，其中３次获得成功，引进成功率为７５５，共培育出体长２５－３０mm的幼鱼６０万尾，受粗卵孵化率分别为５０％，０％，７０％和４０％，经过４２－５０d的培育，幼鱼培育成活率分别为６４.7%,0%,43.9%和51.7%，孵化水温为１６－１８℃，幼鱼培育水温为１７－２２℃，试验结果表明，引进红鳍东方tun受精卵进行苗种培育在技术上可行的。     

红鳍东方鲀三倍体诱导的初步研究

通过冷休克的方法诱导红鳍东方鲀的受精卵,孵化后的仔鱼,用PAS-Ⅲ型细胞流速仪测定其倍性,得到较高的三倍体诱导率。受精后8 min,0℃下处理15 min和受精后5 min,2℃下处理15min三倍体率最高,为100%;受精后8 min,4℃下处理10 min倍化率最低,为20%;其余几组的三倍体率为90%。正交试验结果表明,影响三倍体诱导率的主次顺序是处理时间、处理温度、处理起始时间。     

基于三维姿态拟合的非接触式红鳍东方鲀全长精准估算方法

鱼类生物量无损测算是智能化水产养殖的重要环节,如何实现鱼体全长精准估算是该环节稳定运行的重要前提。该研究以红鳍东方鲀为对象,提出了一种鱼体全长精准估算方法,可在非接触情况下对自由游动的红鳍东方鲀进行精准的体长估算。首先,利用双目立体视觉技术对原始图像进行校正和立体匹配获得深度图像,并通过SOLOv2模型进行鱼体分割;然后,通过自主设计的独立分类器对图像进行高效分类,自动获取可用于全长估算的鱼类侧面图像,其分类准确率达95.3%;最后,耦合图像平面特征和深度信息,对鱼类进行三维姿态拟合,实现鱼类全长精准估算。结果表明,该方法全长估算的平均相对误差为2.67%,标准差为9.45%,且全长估算值与质量表现出良好相关性（R2=0.88）。该研究将为鱼类生物量无损测算提供关键技术支撑,对水产养殖的信息化管理、鱼类生长状况评估、投饵控制等具有重要意义。     

盐度对杂交东方鲀存活和摄食的影响

采用盐度骤变和渐变的方法,研究了盐度0、5‰、10‰、15‰、20‰、25‰、30‰、35‰、40‰、45‰、50‰、55‰、60‰共13个梯度对菊黄东方鲀(♀)×红鳍东方鲀(♂)杂交F1代存活和摄食的影响。研究表明,盐度从30‰骤变到15‰～50‰时,杂交F1存活率最高,显著高于盐度0、5‰、10‰、55‰和60‰梯度的存活率(P<0.05),其中盐度10‰的梯度中杂交F1代存活率约为33.3%,而盐度0、5‰、55‰和60‰梯度的存活率均低于1%;盐度5‰～50‰为杂交F1可摄食盐度,其中20‰～35‰是最佳摄食盐度。盐度渐变时,盐度5‰～50‰梯度中杂交F1代存活率最高,显著高于盐度0、55‰和60‰梯度的存活率(P<0.05),其中盐度0的梯度中杂交F1代存活率最低,约为12%;盐度0～60‰为杂交F1可摄食盐度,其中盐度20‰、25‰、30‰、35‰和40‰时,杂交F1摄食率无显著差异,在盐度30‰时摄食量和摄食率均达到最大。表明,菊黄东方鲀(♀)×红鳍东方鲀(♂)杂交F1代是广盐性鱼类,对盐度适应能力较强,而且适应盐度渐变的能力强于盐度骤变。