中国产业结构优化升级引致的城镇化效应研究——一个省级面板分位数模型的实证检验

基于2000~2011年我国省级面板数据，采用面板分位数计量模型考察了产业结构引致的城镇化效应。研究发现，第三产业份额的估计参数显著为正，说明产业结构优化带来的城镇化效应是存在的。同时，这种效应对于处于不同分位数上的地区有较大差异：第三产业份额适中的省（市、自治区），城镇化效应最为明显；第三产业份额相对过高或过低的省（市、自治区），产业结构优化带来的城镇化效应较弱，估计参数呈现“两头小、中间大”的结果，显著、稳健为“倒U型”结构。     

庐山自然保护区秋色叶树种观赏特性及其园林造景应用

介绍庐山保护区秋色叶树种观赏特性,从造景的角度,探讨秋色叶树种在园林中的应用,并提出开发对策。     

树形结构对果树生产能力的影响分析

果树树形与结构是影响果树产量的重要因素,笔者结合国内外的研究状况,综述了不同树形结构对光能利用率、营养与生殖、抗逆性、产量品质、实际生产的影响,指出适宜的栽植密度、合理的树形结构是保证果园光照良好,产量和品质提高的重要措施。     

From shallow to deep waters: habitats used by larval lampreys (genus Petromyzon and Lampetra) over a western European basin

Abstract –  Habitat requirements of lamprey ammocoetes (Petromyzon marinus and Lampetra genus) were investigated, for the first time, from shallow to deep waters, at different spatial scales across the Gironde‐Dordogne continuum, thanks to a water suction dredge. Fish‐habitat relationships were assessed through two complementary statistical analyses: habitat‐use curves and habitat suitability models using the Boosted Regression Trees (BRT) technique. Analyses were performed on a small‐size data set that was characterised by the low prevalence of lamprey. The sea lamprey larvae occurred in deeper areas than their Lampetra genus counterparts. ‘Pools’ of 2 m’ depth and more were optimal habitats for the former species. Among the environmental variables retained to model lamprey occurrences, the mesohabitat (a categorical variable) was demonstrated to be highly influential, in terms of fine grain‐size substratum and vegetation cover. These preliminary results suggest that monitoring using the water suction dredge method may contribute to sea lamprey conservation.     

某引水隧洞围岩变形探讨

某引水隧洞主要采用双护盾式TBM施工。在穿越高埋深的区域性断裂带时,采用绕行导坑人工钻爆法施工。本文对采用绕行导坑的围岩变形情况进行分析,指出在隧洞开挖过程中围岩变形的时间效应,为修改设计与指导施工提供理论依据。     

黑龙江垦区2006年～2008年水稻区生试品种(系)产量构成要素分析

以黑龙江垦区2006年～2008年区域生产试验的64个水稻品种(系)为材料,分析了2个熟期3a试验的平均产量与产量构成因素的关系。结果表明:在高产育种中,不同熟期应有不同的选择标准。中熟组应选分蘖中等、大穗的品种,早熟组应选择结实率高、穗数型品种。2个熟期高产育种的共同点是都应选择结实率较高的水稻品种。     

Corn (Zea mays L.) Grain and Stover Yield as Affected by Soil Residual Mineral Nitrogen

Evaluation of nitrogen (N) dynamic in soil using regression equations is important for proper determination of N fertilization. A 3-year field experiment was conducted to (1) develop the best-fitted regression model relating corn grain and stover yield to soil residual ammonium (NH₄)-N and nitrate (NO₃)-N for corn yield prediction and (2) evaluate how such a model can be beneficial to the health of ecosystem by predicting the appropriate rates of N fertilization for corn production. Soil NH₄-N and NO₃-N were determined at corn harvest at the depths of 0–30 and 30–60 cm. Nitrogen fertilizer rates and soil mineral N accounted for a maximum of 93% variation in corn grain yield. Soil mineral N enhanced corn yield more than N fertilizer. Totals of 63.1 and 14.1 kg/ha of soil residual NO₃-N and NH₄-N were found in the 0- to 60-cm depth, indicating the importance of performing soil N tests.     

Needle Collection Time for Nutrient Evaluation in Christmas Tree Production

Christmas tree needle sampling to evaluate nutrient need is an established practice. Data to support the recommended fall sampling time in Oregon and Washington were not found. In addition, the recommendation for needle sampling of Fraser fir in North Carolina was made without data from winter months. The goal for this article is to affirm or modify recommended needle sampling time. Needles of Douglas fir, Turkish fir, Nordmann fir, Noble fir, Grand fir, and Fraser fir Christmas trees were collected monthly for a year, dried, and analyzed for nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and boron (B). No single period was found for any species when needle nutrient concentration was stable for all elements determined. Needle collection time was chosen by integrating cultural practices, likelihood of nutrient deficiency, and needle nutrient concentration changes for species grown in an area. Needle collection is recommended during February in western Oregon and Washington. The current sampling time, fall, is logical for Fraser fir Christmas tree production in North Carolina.     

Epidemiology of a Neotropical rust (Puccinia psidii): periodical analysis of the temporal progress in a perennial host (Syzygium jambos)

The epidemiology of the Neotropical rust caused by Puccinia psidii in the Indian Myrtaceae Syzygium jambos (rose apple) was investigated in central Brazil. Disease severities recorded during a 12-month period were fitted by a Fourier curve with three cyclic components or harmonics. The first, second and third harmonics accounted for 49·6, 25·9, and 1·5% of total disease measured, respectively. A highly significant linear correlation was observed between the first harmonic and the accumulated number of days having at least 6 h wetness, or a minimum of 90% relative humidity, combined with temperatures that ranged from 18 to 20°C. No significant correlation was observed between the second and third harmonics and the weather variables evaluated. Rose apple trees showed a flush of growth with new susceptible host tissue during the evaluation period, with two major outbreaks of rust of variable intensity. Host growth was fitted by a Fourier curve with two significant harmonics. The first and second harmonics accounted for 37·5 and 22·1% of total host growth measured, respectively. A highly significant negative linear correlation was observed between the first harmonic and daily maximum and minimum temperatures, rainfall, and duration of the light period. Inoculum availability was not a limiting factor for disease progress since urediniospores were present during most of the period studied. A major peak in numbers of rust spores followed the main peak of disease severity. Thus, rust epidemics on rose apple in central Brazil were shown to depend on the duration of leaf wetness in the dark, and also on night-time temperatures during that same wetness period. This study is the first example of a periodical analysis of an epidemic in a perennial crop.