Space–time patterns of co‐variation of biodiversity and primary production in phytoplankton guilds of coastal marine environments

• 1. The relevance of biodiversity to ecosystem processes is a major topic in ecology. Here, we analyse the relationship between biodiversity and productivity of the nano‐ and micro‐phytoplankton guilds in coastal marine ecosystems.
• 2. The patterns of variation of species richness, diversity and primary productivity (as ¹⁴C assimilation) were studied in two marine areas: a eutrophic–mesotrophic area beside the River Po delta (northern Adriatic) and an oligotrophic area around the Salento peninsula (southern Adriatic–Ionian). The study was carried out at 23 sites in the northern area and at 45 sites in the southern area. Sites were arranged on expected spatial and temporal gradients of primary productivity variation, according to distance from the coast, optical depths and seasonal period.
• 3. 167 taxa were identified in the northern area and 153 taxa in the southern area. In both areas, the taxonomic composition of the nano‐ and micro‐phytoplankton guilds exhibited greater temporal than spatial variation. The latter was much higher in the southern area than in the northern area (average dissimilarity between stations being 70.7±0.8% and 44.7±4.2% respectively).
• 4. Primary productivity varied in space and time on the gradients considered. Phytoplankton species richness and diversity exhibited significant patterns of variation in space and time; overall, these were inversely related to the primary productivity patterns in the northern area, whereas they were directly related in the southern area.
• 5. The small individual size and the high turnover rate of phytoplankton are likely to underlie the observed relationships, which emphasized a threshold response to nutrient enrichment in agreement with the ‘paradox of enrichment’. Under resource enrichment conditions, the high turnover of producers leads to hierarchical partitioning of the available resources with an increasing dominance of a few species. Therefore, the relationship observed here seems likely to be explained by the complementarity hypothesis.

Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

浦城县烟后稻品种对比试验初报

引进6个水稻品种在浦城县烟后稻田进行比较试验。结果表明：Y两优302、圣优369、天优华占、丰两优香1号等4个品种综合性状好,增产极显著或显著,适宜在浦城县作为烟后稻品种推广种植。     

国家甘蔗品种第九轮区试崇左点结果分析

10个甘蔗品种通过2年新植、1年宿根的试验,结果表明：在广西崇左区试点,柳城05-136出苗好,含糖量排在新品种之首,比对照稍有减少,宿根黑穗病明显少于ROC22,可示范并推广;福农1110出苗快,蔗茎整齐,抗倒伏,宿根性较强,糖分稳定,含糖量仅次于柳城05-136,可示范并推广;德蔗03-83农艺性状好,蔗茎产量高,宿根性强,但迟熟,可作为榨季后期原料蔗适量种植。其它品种表现不够理想,不适合在本试验区域种植。     

云南省第12套甘蔗品种区试开远试点评价

对2012-2014年云南省第12套甘蔗品种区试开远试点进行分析评价,结果表明：综合性状较优的有云蔗06-160、云蔗06-362、云蔗05-211和德蔗06-24,可以考虑给予进一步繁殖、示范、推广。     

中国粮食全要素生产率及影响因素的区域分异研究

采用2001-2010年选取的我国30个省份有关粮食生产的面板数据,运用基于DEA-Malmquist生产率指数方法,对我国粮食主产区、主销区和平衡区的粮食全要素生产率增长指数进行了测算和分解,并分析了动态全要素生产率指数的时空差异及变化源泉,在此基础上,探索了全要素生产率指数及其分解值—技术效率指数、技术进步指数的外生影响因素。研究结果表明:主产区全要素生产率指数10年内平均增长0.28%,得益于技术效率的提高和技术进步,主销区呈现出粮食生产技术进步与技术效率损失并存,"双轨损失"导致全要素生产率指数平均下降0.35%,平衡区受技术进步的恶化影响导致全要素生产率指数平均下降0.69%;中央惠农政策的实施对提高主产区的粮食全要素生产率水平有显著作用,而对主销区和平衡区的影响具有一定滞后性;人均粮食生产规模和种粮机械化水平对粮食主产区的全要素生产率均有负向影响,而对粮食主销区的全要素生产率都为正向影响。对于粮食产销平衡区,人均粮食规模的扩大能够改善技术效率,但对全要素生产率和技术进步有反向抑制作用。最后,提出了有效提高粮食生产率的对策建议。     

甜玉米产量相关性状的AMMI模型分析

应用AMMI模型分析方法对福建省2008～2011年连续4年甜玉米区域试验数据进行产量相关性状分析,结果表明：以基因型效应为主的有株高、穗位高、穗长、穗行数,以环境效应为主的有产量、出苗至采收日数、穗粗,以基因型与环境互作效应为主的有行粒数、鲜百粒重;性状的稳定性以穗长、穗粗、穗行数最好,其次为出苗至采收日数、行粒数、鲜百粒重,第三为株高、穗位高,最差为产量;不同性状在不同生态条件下表现出不同的基因型与环境互作效应.     

关中-天水经济区与周边省区区域经济一体化进程分析

以新经济地理视角对关中一天水经济区与周边区域经济的经济相互关系进行实证分析,进而探讨该地区区域经济一体化状况,为将经济区逐步构建成为我国西部内陆型开发开放高地提供客观的参考和合理的建议.     

农业职业院校课程设置与改革的建议

农业职业院校主要任务是为地方社会经济发展培养高素质的农业技能人才。为服务于区域社会经济发展,培养专业技能人才,以黑龙江农业职业技术学院生物技术专业为例,分析了生物技术专业课程设置方面存在的问题,如课程数量多、难度大和课时分配不合理等,并提出了改革的相关建议与措施,以期形成具有特色的课程设置,培养适用于区域经济发展的合格人才。     

外来物种刺槐(Robinia pseudoacacia L.)在中国的研究进展

刺槐作为一个外来种,近年来其研究受到越来越多的关注。本文介绍了刺槐在我国的基本生长特性(包括根系、种子、叶片、花)和在不同外界条件下(光照条件、盐胁迫、氮磷沉降、干旱胁迫、重金属胁迫、密度、AM真菌)的生理生态响应研究进展。探讨了刺槐病原菌引起的病害与防治、昆虫病害与防治、刺槐的有性、无性繁殖培育以及资源的开发利用,如薪炭材料、饲料、防风固沙、蜜源植物等,讨论了刺槐入侵理论与生态风险处理措施。评述了刺槐的区域性研究进展。最后提出了针对刺槐的未来研究展望。