Ration of 20:3 (n-9) to 20:5 (n-3) in Phospholipids as an Indicators of Dietary Essential Fatty Acid Sufficiency in Striped Bass,Morone saxarilis,and Palmetto Bass,M. saxatilis x M. chrysops

The effects of feeding different sources of brine shrimp nauplii with different fatty acid compositions on growth, survival, and fatty acid composition of striped bass, Morone saxarilis and palmetto bass (M. saxatilis x M. chrysops) were determined. The sources of brine shrimp were Chinese (CH), with a high percentage of 20:5(n-3), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and Colombian (COL), San Francisco Bay (SFB), and Great Salt Lake (GSL), with low percentages of EPA but high percentages of 18:3(n-3), linoienic acid. None of the brine shrimp sources contained a measurable amount of 22:6(n-3), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). After enrichment with menhaden oil to increase the content of EPA and DHA, the GSL brine shrimp nauplii were also fed to hybrid striped bass.Growth and survival of fish larvae fed brine shrimp nauplii with high percentages of EPA and DHA (CH and GSLE) were higher (P < 0.05) than those of fish fed brine shrimp with a low percentage of EPA (COL, SFB, and GSL). The ratio of 20:3(n-9) eicosatrienoic acid (ETA), to DHA in polar lipids (phospholipids) of fish, traditionally used as an indicator of essential fatty acid (EFA) sufficiency of the diet, was not a reliable indicator of essential fatty acid sufficiency of diets for larval striped bass and hybrid striped bass. However, the ratio of ETA to EPA appears to be an appropriate indicator. An ETA-to-EPA ratio in phospholipids of less than 0.10 is consistent with an EFA sufficient diet.     

柑桔新品种红美人引种表现及栽培技术

简述了日本橘橙新品种红美人在山地栽培的引种表现,以及在本地的栽培技术经验,为今后生产发展提供依据。     

红心材马尾松胚培养研究

采用正交试验设计，研究不同基本培养基和激素配比对红心材马尾松胚培养的影响。结果表明，沙子和无菌水培养基上的种子萌发率最高，达到71.6％，苗长得最好。WPM＋6 BA 2 mg/L＋NAA 0.3 mg/L＋KT 0.2 mg/L培养基为最佳增殖培养基，增殖系数最高，达到7.3，芽高度较高、粗壮。以1/2WPM＋ABT1＃0.8 mg/L＋NAA 0.1 mg/L培养基不定芽生根率最高，达到69.7％。     

南方红壤低丘岗地银杏园经营投入产出分析与比较

阐述了南方红壤低丘岗地发展银杏种植业的可行性并对各园种经营投入，产出作了分析与比较，据此提出了园种建议。     

Digesta characteristics in relation to nutrient digestibility and mineral absorption in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.) fed cereal grains of increasing viscosity

Soluble non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) present in cereal grains may affect performance of Nile tilapia through changes in digesta characteristics. The objective of this study was to investigate whether dietary cereal grains of increasing viscosity induce changes in digesta viscosity, dry matter and volatile fatty acids (VFA) and if these changes explain differences in nutrient digestibility and mineral absorption. Four experimental diets were formulated by adding 40% grains to a basal diet to obtain a range of dietary viscosities, increasing in the order of maize, barley, wheat and rye. The diets were assigned to 16 tanks with 40 fish (mean weight 70 g) each. Digesta viscosity increased with increasing grain viscosity (P < 0.001), whereas digesta dry matter decreased with increasing grain viscosity (P < 0.05). No significant differences were found among diets in total concentration and type of VFA. Nutrient digestibility was not significantly correlated with digesta viscosity. Of all nutrients, only starch digestibility was significantly negatively correlated with digesta dry matter in the middle intestine (r = − 0.57; P = 0.03). Absorption of sodium was significantly negatively correlated with digesta viscosity in all intestinal segments (r = − 0.76 to − 0.82; P < 0.001) and positively correlated with digesta dry matter in all intestinal segments (r = + 0.60 to + 0.67; P < 0.05), except for the proximal intestine (P = 0.18). Of the other minerals, potassium and magnesium absorption were positively correlated with digesta dry matter in the distal (r = + 0.56; P = 0.03) and proximal (r = + 0.54; P = 0.04) intestine, respectively. Phosphorus absorption was significantly negatively correlated with dry matter in the stomach (r = − 0.55; P = 0.03), middle (r = − 0.58; P = 0.02) and distal (r = − 0.54; P = 0.04) intestine. In conclusion, viscous cereal grains induce increases in digesta viscosity and decreases in digesta dry matter in Nile tilapia. These changes do not explain differences in nutrient digestibility among diets, but seem more related to differences in mineral absorption. The strong negative correlations between digesta viscosity and sodium absorption suggest negative effects of dietary viscous grains on intestinal water balance.     

丹麦红豆面包的研制

以红豆为原料,采用二次发酵制作面包的方法,通过正交试验研究确定了丹麦红豆面包最佳配方为:红豆12%,细砂糖14%,鲜酵母4%,食盐1.5%,鸡蛋16%,黄油15%,水20%,动物奶油14%。     

吉奥罗非鱼（新吉富罗非鱼♀×奥利亚罗非鱼♂）和4种近缘遗传型罗非鱼的遗传差异的RAPD、SSR比较分析

以1种新型杂交鱼-吉奥罗非鱼（新吉富罗非鱼♀×奥利亚罗非鱼♂）群体,4种近缘遗传型罗非鱼[奥尼（尼罗罗非鱼♀×奥利亚罗非鱼♂）、新吉富罗非鱼、尼罗罗非鱼、奥利亚罗非鱼]为实验材料,采用RAPD和SSR技术,比较地分析杂交种间及它们同亲本间的遗传差异。RAPD方面：①群体多态座位比例（P）-吉奥（20.4%）>新吉富（18.5%）,但奥利亚（21.4%）<奥尼（21.7%）<尼罗（22.3%）;②Nei's平均遗传相似系数(I_p)-吉奥（0.9086）<新吉富（0.9231）,但>奥利亚（0.8895）>尼罗（0.8588）>奥尼（0.8069）;③香农多样性指数(H_o)-吉奥（0.1326）>新吉富（0.1103）,但<奥利亚（0.1514）<尼罗（0.1742）<奥尼（0.2410）;④群体两两间遗传相似系数(I_pop)-吉奥-奥尼(0.9444)<吉奥-尼罗（0.9496）<吉奥-新吉富（0.9544）,但>吉奥-奥利亚（0.9383）。SSR结果：① 平均有效等位基因（N_e）数-吉奥(2.43)>新吉富(2.31)>尼罗（1.94）>奥利亚（1.18）,但<奥尼（2.82）;②平均遗传杂合度（H）-吉奥(0.700)>尼罗（0.570）>奥利亚（0.497）>新吉富(0.398),但<奥尼 (0.816);③ 群体的多态信息含量（PIC）-吉奥（0.661）>尼罗（0.568）>奥利亚（0.513）>新吉富（0.420）,但<奥尼（0.692）; ④ 依据遗传距离构建的NJ树和UPGMA树,奥利亚罗非鱼单独为一支,吉奥等4种罗非鱼为一支。总的说来,RAPD和SSR两种技术检测结果所反映的群体遗传信息一致。这表明,无论是吉奥还是奥尼,两个杂交种在遗传上都同各自的母本较近,这同作者先前揭示的形态和生长等方面的母本效应一致。     

不同生长时期红螯螯虾表型性状差异分析

为研究红螯螯虾(Cherax quadricarinatus von Martens)不同生长时期的表型特征,统计了3月龄、4.5月龄和6月龄3个生长时期红螯螯虾的体重Y₁、肝胰腺质量Y₂、全长X₁、头胸甲长X₂、头胸甲宽X₃、腹节总长X₄、第一腹节长X₅、第一腹节宽X₆和掌节长X₇共9个性状,对比3个生长时期各表型性状间的差异和相关性,分析不同生长时期各表型性状在雌性与雄性群体间的差异,采用多元回归分析分别研究了不同生长时期表型性状与体重的关系,并构建回归方程。结果显示,头胸甲和腹节的长度比例在幼虾和成虾中保持一致,而宽度指标(头胸甲宽、第一腹节宽)在6月龄阶段显著(P<0.05)增长。随着红螯螯虾的生长,大部分性状间的相关性降低,雌雄群体间表型性状的差异逐渐增加。3月龄阶段的回归方程为Y₁=-31.33+0.73X₂+0.91X_...     

红壤性水稻土稀土组分与土壤特性物质的关系

测定了具有代表性的 3种水育型 4种母质发育的红壤性水稻土及起源土壤的稀土体系 [稀土元素总丰度 (∑ REE)、轻稀土丰度 (∑ LREE)、重稀土丰度 (∑HREE) ]、土壤颗粒组成、有机质体系、铁氧化物体系主要组分和土壤 p H值 ,并分析了 REE体系与这些土壤特性物质的相关性 .结果表明 :(1 )土壤 ∑REE和 ∑LREE均与土壤砂粒含量呈显著负相关 ,与粘粒含量呈显著正相关 ;∑LREE对 ∑REE消长变异的影响大于∑ HREE.(2 )土壤∑ REE和 ∑LREE均与土壤腐殖质及富里酸含量呈显著正相关 ,与胡敏酸含量相关性不显著 .(3 )土壤∑ REE与土壤全铁 (Fet)呈极显著正相关 ,∑REE及 ∑LREE均与晶质铁 (Fec)相关性强 .(4 )土壤酸度对∑ REE、∑ LREE、∑ HREE的影响不显著     

黑龙江水产研究所鲤育种概要

本文主要概述黑龙江水产研究所鲤Cyprinus carpio育种工作历史,介绍杂交选育亲本的来源与生物学特点以及育成品种的选育方法、技术路线和优良性状。通过引入国内外名优鲤,采用常规杂交选育、多性状遗传分析和分子辅助育种等方法,本土化培育出多个适合北方寒冷地区养殖的鲤新品种。采用的亲本包括黑龙江鲤C.C.amurensis、荷包红鲤C.C.var.wuyuanensis、散鳞镜鲤C.C.var.specularis amurensis、德国镜鲤C.C.var.S.germanensis和大头鲤C.pellegrini。育成品种包括荷包红鲤抗寒品系、松浦鲤C.C.'Songpu'、松荷鲤C.C.'Songhe、松浦红镜鲤C.C.'Songpu red mirror'、德国镜鲤选育系F_4、松浦镜鲤C.C.var.S.'Songpu'和易捕鲤。这些品种都具有抗寒、抗逆、易捕和快速生长等特性,适合北方以及全国各地养殖,其中松荷鲤、松浦镜鲤占有很大的市场份额,为我国的渔业发展做出了巨大的贡献。