稀土对低温胁迫麻楝幼苗生理生化特性的影响

以2月龄袋装麻楝实生苗为材料,用0、100、500和1 000 mg.L-1稀土喷液施麻楝幼苗,后置于3℃人工气候箱低温处理1～7 d,考察其膜稳定性、渗透调节物质和叶绿素含量等抗寒性生理生化指标的变化,探讨稀土对麻楝幼苗抗寒性的影响。结果表明:0和100 mg.L-1稀土低温各天数后的相对电导率显著大于0 d,500和1 000 mg.L-1处理的显著小于0 d。各稀土浓度处理的幼苗脯氨酸含量都显著大于0 d,可溶性蛋白质含量多小于0 d,叶绿素含量多大于0 d。0和100 mg.L-1稀土处理的幼苗丙二醛含量大于0 d或与0 d无显著差异。500和1 000 mg.L-1稀土处理的幼苗各低温天数的丙二醛含量与0 d相近或小于0 d。0 mg.L-1稀土处理后,幼苗各天数的SOD活性显著小于0 d,100 mg.L-1处理的波动,500和1 000 mg.L-1处理的各天数的SOD活性与0 d的差异不显著。可见,在低温胁迫下,500和1 000 mg.L-1的稀土处理能通过提高渗透调节物质含量来稳定麻楝幼苗细胞膜稳定性,从而增强麻楝幼苗的抗寒性。     

红壤区稀土矿开发导致河流泥沙淤积量的估算--以江西省信丰县崇墩沟小流域为例

不合理的人为活动是侵蚀产沙的主要原因之一。在江西省信丰县崇墩沟小流域内由于稀土矿产的无序开发,导致河流泥沙严重淤积。通过实测河流淤积泥沙断面,计算出在7 500 m长的河道共淤积泥沙30 193 t,考虑到输移比,整个流域内土壤流失量可达3 500 t/km2,平均侵蚀模数也高达1 150 t/(km2.a)以上,属于中等强度的土壤侵蚀。调查结果发现,河流中淤积的泥沙主要来源于稀土矿开发的尾矿流失;土壤流失量高到99 730 t/km2,年平均侵蚀模数为34 000 t/(km2.a)以上,属于极强度的水土流失。治理水土流失,须加强对稀土矿开发的管理,防止形成新的水土流失;将已废弃的稀土尾矿作为治理的重中之重,可有效地降低流域内土壤侵蚀的强度。     

干旱条件下硝酸稀土对花生幼苗生长的影响

适宜浓度的硝酸稀土溶液浸种后 ,花生种子的发芽率、发芽势、平均生长势和活力指数得到提高 ,种子出苗期缩短 1～ 2天 ,出苗率明显提高。在干旱条件下 ,经处理后的花生其幼苗抗旱性明显增强 ,根系发达、植株矮化、单株叶面积增大 ,分枝数增多 ;花生幼苗叶片的叶绿素含量和净光合速率也较高 ,细胞质膜透性降低 ,脯氨酸含量增加。硝酸稀土处理后 ,花生幼苗在干旱条件下表现出较强的抗旱性和较好的光合效能。在 5种不同浓度处理中 ,以 5 0 0mg/L硝酸稀土溶液浸种效果更好     

Potential use of rare earth oxides as tracers of organic matter in grassland

Tracing organic matter (OM) in soil is challenging, because runoff and leaching processes are interrelated and have multiple sources. Therefore, multiple tracers with low background concentrations such as rare earth element oxides (REOs) are necessary to delineate the origin of sources of the organic materials in groundwater, rivers or in catchments. The main objective of this study was to examine the potential use of REOs as a tracer in various forms of OM (1) whole slurry, (2) solid, and (3) liquid phase of cattle slurry after mechanical separation. A laboratory experiment was carried out using five REOs (La, Gd, Sm, Pr, and Nd oxides) mixed directly into soil or mixed with various fractions of cattle slurry and then applied to the soil surface. In the additional grassland experiment, Gd oxide was spiked with soil and cattle slurry and then applied to the soil surface. The mineral N in the liquid phase (urine) of the slurry in the grassland experiment was labelled with ¹⁵N urea (16 atom%). In the laboratory experiment, results showed that the five REOs concentration of soil in 0–1 cm soil section after the rainfall simulation was still up to 20 times more than the background values. In 1–2 cm soil section, the concentration of only Gd (two fold higher) and La oxides (50% higher) were significantly higher than the soil background values. Therefore, we hypothesized that Gd and La oxides were associated also with relatively finer organic particles in slurry, thus 1–2 cm soil section were enriched with these oxides. The five REOs concentration below 2 cm soil depth were similar to the background values in all treatments. In line with the laboratory experiment, Gd concentrations in the deeper soil layers (2–4 and 4–8 cm) in the grassland experiment were not significantly affected by any treatment. Both in grassland and laboratory experiment, solid phase of the slurry (dung) was collected from the soil surface after rainfall simulation. Here, about 56% of REOs were measured on the solid phase of the slurry which indicates the strong binding potential of REOs on slurry OM. The present novel study, where REO tagged slurry was uniquely tested to study geochemical cycle of organic fertilizers, clearly highlighted the potential for their use as multiple‐tracers of (animal derived‐) OM in agricultural soils.     

稀土元素在中国水仙上的应用研究

1982～1985年的小区试验及扩大示范试验表明:稀土元素能促进中国水仙出苗、展叶、叶片生长、叶绿素增加;并能促进磷茎膨大、增加大花球百分率而提高大花球产量;同时对改善中国水仙品质、增加花葶数也有良好的作用。三年定点小区试验结果:采用浸种配合喷施处理的效果优于单独浸种或单独喷施的处理。最佳处理组合:低浓度浸种配合初苗期和壮球期用低浓度喷叶,大花球百分率最高。三年平均:磷茎围径≥24cm 和22～23.9cm 的大花球,最佳处理组合为14.5%和40.5%,比对照的8.6%和32.6%分别增加67.6%和24.2%。平均花葶数,最佳处理组合为4.1葶/粒,比对照的3.6葶/粒增加13.9%。扩大示范试验的结果表明:磷茎围径≥24cm 的大花球,稀土处理为58.0%,比对照的48.0%增加20.8%;平均花葶数,稀土处理为4.7葶/粒,比对照的4.4葶/粒增加6.8%。中国水仙施用稀土,由于提高了大花球产量和增加了花葶数,从而能显著地提高经济效益。每公顷可增加产值7500元以上,即增加产值9.7%以上。     

关于稀土提高巴西橡胶产胶量问题的探讨

本文以胶乳的总固形物、干胶、总还原糖、硫醇和抗坏血酸的含量及胶乳的pH、乳管的堵塞指数、黄色体的破裂指数和排胶初速率等9个生理参数来考察稀土对巴西橡胶产胶量的影响。试验表明稀土不具有显著地提高胶树产胶量的生理基础。本文也讨论了稀土在防治橡胶树死皮中的作用。     

RARE EARTH INTENSIFYING SCREENS FOR VETERINARY RADIOGRAPHY: AN EVALUATION OF TWO SYSTEMS

Two rare earth radiographic intensifying screen-film systems were compared with a calcium tungstate screen-film systems in a series of clinically oriented trials. The calcium tungstate screen-film system was subjectively judged to have the highest overall image quality, primarily because of its wide latitude. Several rare earth screen-film combinations produced radiographs of excellent diagnostic quality. In general, image quality was inversely related to screen-film speed, whereas radiation protection was directly related to screen-film speed. Medium-speed rare earth screen-film combinations resulted in reductios of scatter radiation on the order of 30 to 70 percent compared with the par-speed film combination. Recommendations are made regarding the use of specific rare earth intensifying screen-film combinations in small and large animal diagnostic radiography.     

珍稀树种的种苗繁殖研究

本文对１０种珍稀树种的采种期、采种方法、种子处理、贮藏方法、育苗方法以及幼苗形态特征等进行了较为系统的介绍。     

硝酸稀土在多年生牧草优质生产中的应用研究

本文利用不同浓度的硝酸稀土材料对河南省 5种主要多年生优良牧草进行为期 3年的生产应用性研究。结果表明 :稀土能够显著地促进牧草的营养生长 ,提高产草量和饲料品质 ,促进豆科牧草的根瘤发育 ;紫花苜蓿、三叶草及红豆草的硝酸稀土最佳使用浓度为 60 0×1 0 -6～ 65 0× 1 0 -6,多年生黑麦草及苇状羊茅的最佳使用浓度为 45 0× 1 0 -6～ 5 0 0× 1 0 -6。