The effects of replacement of whole‐plant corn with oat and common vetch on the fermentation quality,chemical composition and aerobic stability of total mixed ration silage in Tibet

The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of replacement of whole‐plant corn with oat and common vetch on the fermentation quality, chemical composition and aerobic stability of total mixed ration (TMR) silage in Tibet. Four TMR that varied in the forage sources on dry matter basis were used: (i) 52% whole‐plant corn (Control); (ii) 43% oat + 12% common vetch (OC3.6); (iii) 38% oat + 18% common vetch (OC2.2); and (iv) 33% oat + 23% common vetch (OC1.5). Silos were opened on day 45 and then subjected to an aerobic stability test for 12 days. The results showed that all silages were well preserved with low pH and NH₃‐N, and high lactic acid and V‐scores. With the increasing proportion of common vetch, crude protein, ether extract increased (P < 0.05), and neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber decreased (P < 0.05). Under aerobic conditions, treated silages were more stable than the control silage as indicated by lower (P < 0.05) pH and yeast population. It was concluded that replacement of whole‐plant corn with oat and common vetch had no unfavorable effects on the fermentation quality and improved crude protein content and aerobic stability of TMR silage. OC2.2 silage was the best among three treated TMR silages.     

Beef quality traits of heifer in comparison with steer,bull and cow at various feeding environments

The present review has been focused largely on the sex type differences in beef quality among heifers, cows, steers and bulls in various feeding environments. Genetic groups, feeding systems and gender are the major factors that change carcass characteristics and fatty acid profiles of cattle. Studies identified that heifer beef has super characteristics in eating quality and a better healthy composition in fatty acids than steer, cow and bull. Diet influences the variation of fatty acid profile; particularly the level of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) interacts with breed and sex. Animals finished in pasture systems were reported to show better ratios of PUFA/ saturated fatty acids and n‐6/n‐3. Carcasses of roughage‐fed beef are lighter and have less marbling and lower quality grades but have higher cutability than carcasses of grain‐fed bulls. Heifers and cows are reported to deposit more fat than steers and bulls. Among males, lower production of testosterone by steers favors more fat thickness compared with bulls. Marbling greatly varies among cattle belonging to different sexes, and particularly, females have genetic makeup that efficiently controls deposition. The current review identified that heifers can be a premium beef brand, while steer beef currently take a large part of market share across the world.     

Genetic evaluation using random regression models with different covariance functions for test‐day milk yield in an admixture population of Thailand goats

The objectives of this study were to compare covariance functions (CF) and estimate the heritability of milk yield from test‐day records among exotic (Saanen, Anglo‐Nubian, Toggenburg and Alpine) and crossbred goats (Thai native and exotic breed), using a random regression model. A total of 1472 records of test‐day milk yield were used, collected from 112 does between 2003 and 2006. CF of the study were Wilmink function, second‐ and third‐order Legendre polynomials, and linear splines 4 knots located at 5, 25, 90 and 155 days in milk (SP25–90) and 5, 35, 95 and 155 of days in milk (SP35–95). Variance components were estimated by restricted maximum likelihood method (REML). Goodness of fit, Akaike information criterion (AIC), percentage of squared bias (PSB), mean square error (MSE), and empirical correlation (RHO) between the observed and predicted values were used to compare models. The results showed that CF had an impact on (co)variance estimation in random regression models (RRM). The RRM with splines 4 knots located at 5, 25, 90 and 155 of days in milk had the lowest AIC, PSB and MSE, and the highest RHO. The heritability estimated throughout lactation obtained with this model ranged from 0.13 to 0.23.     

Analysis of Regular Nutritional Components and Amino Acid Contents of Mongolia Bullock Muscle Grazed in Kubuqi Desert

In order to evaluate the Mongolia muscle characteristics and nutritional value, six Mongolia bullocks aged 4 years grazed in Kubuqi desert were chosen to analyze the regular nutritional components and amino acid contents of Mongolia muscle.The results showed that the contents of water, crude protein (CP), crude fat (EE), crude ash (ash), calcium and phosphorus of Mongolia muscle (fresh) were 68.21%, 22.60%, 6.49%, 2.69%, 0.58% and 0.55%, respectively.A total amino acid (TAA) content of beef was 24.297 g/100 g, essential amino acid content was 10.265 g/100 g, the proportion of essential amino acid justified and exceeded the FAO/WHO standard.The ratio of essential amino acid and total amino acid contents (EAA/TAA) was 42.25%, the ratio of essential amino acid and the non-essential amino acid (EAA/NEAA) was 73.15%.In functional amino acid, the content of palatable taste amino acid and sweet flavor amino acid in total amino acid was 46.891%.In addition to valine, essential amino acid contents of Mongolia muscle were superior to ideal protein of FAO/WHO standard, the percentage of valine reached 83.972% in ideal protein.These results indicated that Mongolia muscle belonged to the comprehensive nutrition and high quality protein food on the evaluation of the regular nutrient content and the amino acid content of beef.     

添食色素对家蚕茧质影响的研究

家蚕是一种产业化生产的经济昆虫 ,家蚕彩色茧的开发与产业化利用 ,有望为丝绸业带来新的绿色活力.本实验采用色素添食法生产彩色茧 ,研究了添食色素对结茧率和全茧量、茧层量、茧层率的影响.结果发现 :添食红色素对结茧率和茧质无显著影响 ,添食橙色2号色素其茧质成绩有所提高.     

湖南野生经济植物资源分类及开发利用评价

湖南省自然条件优越，地质、地貌复杂多样，生物资源本底好，生物多样性丰富．据统计，可供利用的野生经济植物资源达2000种以上，为该省一大资源优势．本文根据野生植物资源之用途，将其分为4大类17小类，并较为详尽地论述了各类植物代表种、资源概况及开发利用前景．同时，提出了开发利用这类资源的建议，可供合理开发利用和保护这类资源时参考．     

大钟寺博物馆钟架的超声波无损检测

利用超声波技术现场测定北京大钟寺博物馆永乐大钟大型木结构钟架的弹性模量，并对其力学强度的变化做出了评估，找出相关规律，为超声波用于古建筑木结构的无损检测提供科学依据。     

海州露天矿土地复垦示范区土壤综合质量评价

为有效地治理和改善矿区恶劣生态环境,使废弃的土地资源得以充分利用,通过对阜新海州露天矿土地复垦示范区土壤有机质、全N、有效P、速效K、EC、pH值、含水量、容重、紧实度等指标进行测定,开展了复垦土壤质量综合评价。结果表明:不同复垦示范区土壤质量差异较大,沙打旺、冰草示范区土壤质量最好;杨树、油松示范区次之;耕地、侧柏示范区土壤质量较差。     

新西兰麻的引种适应性评价

为了推广新西兰麻在湖南的大面积栽培,分别从云南和新西兰引进了18个新西兰麻Phormium tenax品种,对引种栽植后的存活率、感病率及生长量变化规律进行了调查研究。对从新西兰引进的10个品种进行病害情况的调查及分析,对从云南引进的8个品种进行分蘖苗生长情况的调查。结果表明:从云南引进的新西兰麻比从新西兰引进的品种平均存活率高出31.95%,平均叶长高出19.66 cm,平均叶宽高出0.38 cm,平均叶片数高出1.59,平均主根的长度高出13.55 cm,平均主根的粗度高出0.16 mm,平均根的数量高出2.38;从新西兰引进的10个品种中,日落、杰斯特、黑骑士、粉红豹、黄色波浪的感病率比另5个品种平均高出18.87%;从云南引进的红骑士、杏花女王、青铜、山亚麻、大胭脂的1年生植株的分蘖苗较多,分别为131、89、79、61、117,而其它品种分蘖苗的数量较少。由综合评分结果可知,各品种按照适应性由高到低排序依次为:青铜、山亚麻、黑骑士(云南)、红剑、杏花女王(云南)、彩虹女王(云南)、大胭脂、红骑士、日落、杏花女王(新西兰)、黑骑士(新西兰)、三色、乳白绿、彩虹女王(新西兰)、晚霞、黄色波浪、杰斯特、粉红豹,较适合湖南生长的品种为青铜、山亚麻、黑骑士(云南)和红剑。     

市级土地利用总体规划实施评估研究--以湖南省邵阳市为例

指出了第三轮土地利用总体规划目前已实施7年,随着新情况、新形势的出现,规划也出现了一些不适应性。探讨了土地利用总体规划实施监测评估体系的构建,并提出了相关建议,对规划的继续实施以及对新一轮规划的修编均能提供一定的参考依据。