赤眼蜂防治马尾松毛虫对松林年生长量的效益

利用赤眼蜂防治第1代马尾松毛虫,在长兴县已有近20年历史。经调查,当越冬代马尾松毛虫虫灾级为3～4级时,在第1代卵期,放赤眼蜂360万头/hm~2,可以控制松毛虫当年的危害;年材积生长量放蜂区比对照区增加2.4m~3/hm~2,两者差异极显著。     

草鱼对点状气单胞菌菌苗的免疫反应

将点状气单胞菌用福尔马林、苯酚以及加热来灭活后，给草鱼注射接种，通过测定免疫鱼血清凝集抗体效价、血液中吞噬细胞的吞噬活性和强毒攻击的免疫保护力，证实了３种方法灭活的菌苗对草鱼均具有较强的免疫原性，并以苯酚灭活菌苗的免疫保护力最强。     

Donors for Resistance to Brown Planthopper Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) from Wild Rice Species

Out of 1 989 wild accessions sown in seed boxes for screening, only 1 003 wild accessions with good germination were screened against brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) under greenhouse conditions. The collection comprised of accessions from 11 wild species and African cultivated rice. The germplasm was screened for BPH following standard seed box screening technique in the greenhouse. As many as 159 accessions were identified as resistant during the year 2012 based on one year screening. A selected set of BPH resistant accessions were screened again during 2013. Based on the two years screening, seven accessions of O. nivara (AA), one accession of O. officinalis (CC), seven accessions of O. australiensis (EE), five accessions of O. punctata (BB and BBCC) and nine accessions of O. latifolia (CCDD) were confirmed to be resistant to BPH. So far no BPH resistance genes have been identified and designated from O. nivara and O. punctata, hence these may act as new sources of resistance.     

马尾松毛虫危害程度对马尾松生长影响的研究

通过人工模拟危害程度和自然状况下马尾松毛虫危害等试验所获得的大量数据,利用微机进行统计和分析。结果表明:5～10年生马尾松针叶损失50%时,越冬代对当年高生长有显著的影响;5～20年生马尾松针叶损失50%,第二代对后一年的树高、胸径、材积有显著的影响;针叶损失70%以上时,越冬代对当年、第一代对当年、第二代对后一年的树高、胸径和材积均有极显著的影响;针叶损失100%时,第一代还对后一年的树高、胸径和材积有极显著的影响。其中以第一代马尾松毛虫危害最大,越冬代和第二代相近似。这为制定马尾松毛虫防治指标,开展综合治理工程提供了重要的科学依据。     

草鱼肠道正常菌群与肠炎病原菌关系的初步研究

本文运用微生态学原理和方法,对二龄健康草鱼和肠炎草鱼肠道中的大肠杆菌、肠球菌、乳酸杆菌、双歧杆菌四种优势常居菌及草鱼肠炎病原菌——点状产气单胞菌进行了定量检测。同时,对草鱼肠道中厌氧菌和需氧菌比值也进行了测算。通过对试验数据的统计学处理分析,阐明了点状产气单胞菌与肠道正常菌群的量变关系,提出了两个回归计算式。另外,还从微生态学角度,对草鱼肠炎的发病机理和生物防治进行了讨论。     

基于混沌理论的马尾松毛虫有虫面积BP神经网络预测

通过对1983—2010年马尾松毛虫发生数据特点的分析,应用相空间重构技术,将混沌理论和神经网络理论相结合,提出了1种基于混沌神经网络理论的马尾松毛虫有虫面积预测模型。结果表明,该模型有较好的预测能力,当输入层神经元个数(即嵌入维数)为7、隐含层神经元个数为15时,预测未参与建模的2009年越冬代、2010年第1代马尾松毛虫有虫面积的平均相对误差为12.50%。     

Putative ultraviolet-photosensitivity in the retina of 1-year-old nibbler <Emphasis Type="Italic">Girella punctata</Emphasis>: Based on molecular and histological evidences

ABSTRACT:   Ultraviolet (UV) photosensitivity in 1-year-old nibbler Girella punctata , which inhabits the coastal reefs of Japan, was investigated, based on retinal histology and visual pigment cDNA cloning. The retinal cone mosaic of the nibbler showed a square-shaped arrangement of double cones with a central single cone and accessory corner cones, which are representative putative UV-photoreceptors, at each corner of the square. Six cDNA fragments encoding putative visual pigment of nibbler were isolated and sequenced. Its deduced amino acid sequences were classified into five classes of opsin: UV, blue, green (one gene each), red (two genes), and rod (one gene) by comparison with other teleost opsins and phylogenetic analysis. Possible contributions of UV-sensitivity in nibbler was discussed regarding homing, feeding, and schooling.     

Primary and secondary structures of grammistins, peptide toxins isolated from the skin secretion of the soapfish Pogonoperca punctata

SUMMARY: Six peptides (grammistins Pp 1, 2a, 2b, 3, 4a and 4b) with both hemolytic and ichthyotoxic activities were isolated from the skin secretion of the soapfish Pogonoperca punctata by gel filtration and reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography. They were completely sequenced and found to be simple peptides differing from the previous suggestion that they are peculiar peptides with tertiary amine or quaternary ammonium base moieties. Grammistins Pp 1, 2a and 2b were composed of 13 residues, Pp 3 of 25 residues and Pp 4a and 4b of 24 residues. While grammistins Pp 4a and 4b were identical and highly homologous with grammistin Gs 2 previously isolated from another soapfish Grammistes sexlineatus , the other grammistins did not have homologies with any proteinic or peptidic toxins known to date. Judging from circular dichroism data, helical wheel projections and hydrophobic moment plots, all the isolated grammistins are surface-seeking peptides with an abundance in amphiphilic α-helicity, similar to pardaxins from the skin secretion of two species of soles and melittin from bee venom as well as the G. sexlineatus grammistins.     

姬蕨配子体发育的观察

首次报道了姬蕨科(Hypolepidaceae)姬蕨(Hypolepis punctata(Thunb.) Mett.)配子体发育阶段的结构特征.介绍了姬蕨配子体的培育方法,包括最初的孢子水培法和后期的配子体土培法.配子体发育过程包括孢子萌发、原丝体发育、叶绿体发育、假根分化、片状体形成、毛状体特征、幼原叶以及性器的出现,并初步讨论了姬蕨配子体发育的系统学意义.