基于GIS的云南高黎贡山南段景观变化特征分析

以高黎贡山1974年MSS遥感影像、1987和1997年TM遥感影像和2006年IRS遥感影像以及地形图等相关资料为基础数据,在GIS技术支持下,结合景观生态学原理,从景观格局、森林景观动态变化特征方面对云南高黎贡山南段进行了研究。结果显示,研究区景观的破碎程度随时间推移而增大,景观异质性程度降低,土地利用逐渐趋于单一化,土地的开发程度增加,人类对景观的干扰程度加强;各类森林景观交错镶嵌,分布活跃且形状复杂,分化程度高,具有较高的森林景观异质性和丰富的景观多样性。     

浅析湖南省果蔬农产品一体化物流运作模式构建应注意的问题

农产品一体化物流运作模式因整合了农产品供应链中的上下游企业的所有物流活动,相对于传统分散的物流,有着诸多优势。介绍了当前湖南省果蔬农产品物流一体化运作的四种模式,重点分析构建物流一体化运作模式应注意五个方面的问题,即:推行农产品供应链管理、实现资源一体化运作、突破体制制约、统一农产品加工标准、建立市场信任机制。     

气相色谱法测定水产品中氯霉素残留

介绍了水产品中氯霉素残留量测定的气相色谱法。样品中的氯霉素用乙酸乙酯提取,正己烷去脂肪,过Sep-C18柱进行净化,用BSTFA-TMCS衍生后进带有微电子俘获器的气相色谱仪检测。该方法的线性范围为0.5～500μg·L-1,相关系数r=0.999,最低检测限为0.1μg·kg-1,相对标准偏差为4.3%～11.0%,向样品中分别添加1μg·kg-1、10μg·kg-1和20μg·kg-13个浓度水平的氯霉素,回收率分别为62.0%、88.2%和96.4%。方法灵敏度高,准确可靠,适合水产品中氯霉素残留量的检测。     

杂交鲍稚鲍"漫爬病"潜在病原菌胞外产物的分析及种类鉴定

从发病的杂交鲍(皱纹盘鲍×盘鲍)稚鲍中共分离27株菌株,并对其分泌胞外产物(包括酪蛋白酶、明胶酶、淀粉酶、脂肪酶、磷脂酶和溶血素)的能力进行了分析。试验结果表明,具有分泌胞外蛋白酶、明胶酶、淀粉酶、脂肪酶、磷脂酶和溶血素能力的菌株分别占总菌株数的81.5%(22/27)、74.1%(20/27)、18.5%(5/27)、0%(0/27)、11.1%(3/27)、29.6%(8/27)。其中,1#、14#菌株具有很强的产胞外蛋白酶能力,而明胶酶的最大分泌者为2#、7#、9#、17#菌株,淀粉酶的为11#、14#菌株,磷脂酶的为11#、15#菌株,溶血素的为菌株10#、21#。此外,10#、11#、15#菌株可同时分泌4种胞外产物,而12#、14#、18#、21#、23#、24#菌株可同时分泌3种胞外产物。综合考虑每一种胞外酶的潜在致病作用,以及菌株分泌多种胞外酶的能力,初步确认11株菌为潜在的致病菌:1#、2#、7#、9#、10#、11#、12#、14#、15#、17#、21#。用API条带法对它们进行了种类鉴定,11株菌中巴斯德氏菌和假单胞菌所占的比例分别为45.5%、27.3%。     

A review of extracellular virulence product of Vibrio species important in diseases of cultivated shrimp

Shrimp aquaculture is an important industry that experiences significant losses from Vibrio species, especially at the larval and juvenile stages. Proteinaceous virulence factors, including alkaline proteases, metalloproteases, cysteine proteases and alkaline serine proteases, have been identified as important elements in Vibrio pathogenesis. This review summarizes current knowledge regarding the principal pathogenic Vibrio species in shrimp, with emphasis on relevant exotoxins and their modes of action, principal characteristics and molecular database. This pathogenic factors and their relation with other molecules produced by microorganisms may be help to understand the virulence mechanisms present in Vibrio strain.     

磷矿周围环境砷污染情况调查

调查磷矿周围环境和畜禽组织砷含量,为掌握磷矿区周围畜禽产品安全提供依据。采用原子吸收光谱法进行测定。结果表明,环境中砷含量从高到低依次为水体、白菜、土壤、大米、玉米、牧草,而辣椒和萝卜未检出砷;鸡内脏及肌肉砷含量从高到低依次为肾脏、肺脏、心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肌肉;鸭内脏及肌肉砷含量从高到低依次为肾脏、肝脏、肺脏、肌肉、脾脏、心脏;猪内脏及肌肉砷含量从高到低依次为肠、肾脏、肝脏、脾脏,而心脏、肺脏和肌肉未检出。说明磷矿周围饲养的畜禽存在砷污染现象。     

Is experience on a farm an effective approach to understanding animal products and the management of dairy farming?

The understanding of animal products and dairy farming is important for the promotion of dairy farming. Thus, to examine the effects of farm experience on the understanding of animal products and the management of dairy farming, the interaction between students and dairy cows was investigated in groups of first‐year veterinary nursing students in 2011 and 2012 (n = 201). These students included 181 women and 20 men. Nine items about dairy cows were presented in a questionnaire. The survey was performed before and after praxis on the educational farm attached to the authors' university. After praxis on the farm, increases occurred in the number of positive responses to the items involving the price of milk, dairy farming and the taste of milk. For these items, a significant difference (P < 0.05) was found between the scores obtained before and after training. The results of the study suggested that farm experience is useful for improving the understanding of animal products and dairy farming.     

Electrical stunning followed by decapitation or chilling of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus): assessment of behavioural and neural parameters and product quality

The objective of this study was to assess neural and behavioural responses in farmed African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) upon electrical stunning in combination with decapitation or chilling. To assess the possibility of scaling up one or both experimental methods, two trials were performed in an experimental setting. The product quality of the collected samples was compared with the currently applied industrial method: live chilling. After electrical stunning in combination with decapitation, the fish showed spikes alternated with theta and delta waves on the EEG, followed by minimal brain activity after 20±10 s. The same traces on the EEGs were observed after electrical stunning in combination with chilling. Here, minimal brain activity occurred after 22±11 s. Within a confidence level of 95%, the percentage of African catfish that was effectively stunned after administration of an electrical current of 1.5 A dm⁻², 300 V (50 Hz a.c.), followed by decapitation or chilling was above 91%. The analysis yield and evolution of liquid loss showed significant (P<0.05) differences among the batches, which could be explained by the stunning method used. The course values of the pH in the different batches were significantly (P<0.05) dependent on the stunning method, sex and location (visceral or skin side). It is concluded that African catfish can be stunned effectively using electrical stunning in a water tank, followed by decapitation or chilling in ice. Dutch commercial processors prefer to combine electrical stunning with chilling in flake ice in a rotating tumbler, as the outer slime layer is then removed, which facilitates further processing.     

开发绿色水产品是发展渔业经济的必由之路

本文提出在发展渔业经济过程中遇到的一些问题，指出开发绿色水产品是发展渔业经济的必由之路，HACCP认证体系是开发绿色水产品的重要手段和基本保证，中国加入WTO后，面临严峻的国际市场竞争也要求我国水产业积极开发绿色水产品，提高产品质量，加强水产品出口的竞争力。