Control of the cowpea aphid, Aphis craccivora Koch (Homoptera: Aphididae), in cowpea, Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.

Cowpea, Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walpers, is a major dietary staple in tropical Africa where it is most often cultivated. The production is, however, greatly hampered by severe infestation and damage by insect pests including the cowpea aphid, Aphis craccivora Koch. The damage and bionomics of the aphid are briefly introduced. Chemical, cultural, physical and biological methods, and use of plant resistance for A. craccivora control in cowpea are reviewed. Finally, prospects for integrated pest management are discussed     

种植方式与种植密度对大力士高粱的影响

本试验用裂区设计,研究了大力士高粱在16种不同种植密度、3种种植方式下,产草量、生产速度、茎叶比、茎粗的变化情况。结果表明,在撒播密度为18 kg/hm2、条播为22.5 kg/hm2、穴播为28.5 kg/hm2时达到最高产量;生长速度在第53-55 d时最高,达5.7 cm/d;茎叶比随着产量的增加逐渐减少;茎粗随着种植密度的增大而有减小的趋势。     

我国近年来水稻重大病虫害可持续控制技术重要研究进展——非化学控害技术研究

针对水稻病虫害防治中长期存在控害保产与生产无公害稻米矛盾比较突出的问题,研究提出了几种效果显著的非化学控害增产技术。其中,利用水稻遗传背景、对病虫抗感水平等差异显著的水稻品种多样性种植,控制稻瘟病的效果达42.12％～76.68％,抑制白背飞虱若虫数量增长效果明显,增产糯稻或优质稻600～1050 kg／hm²,平均增收约1 500元／hm²;稻鱼共育控制稻飞虱的效果为63.77％～86.89％,对纹枯病病株抑制率70.52％,控制稻田杂草效果为89.57％,平收获鲜鱼319.5～1 177.5 kg／hm²,水稻产量比对照区增产7.05％～10.11％;稻鸭共育控制稻飞虱效果63.73％～77.18％,控制稻螟效果30.11％,控制纹枯病效果19.33％～67.03％,对稻田杂草控制效果91.96％,减少施肥30.6％、农药59.3％,减少投入1 987.05元／hm²。     

黄牛血糖测定三种不同方法的比较研究

选择10～36月龄的役用母黄牛5头。用邻甲苯胺(o-TB)法、葡萄糖氧化酶(GOD)法和福-吴(Folin-Wu)二氏法进行血糖含量的测定。结果分别是:3.76±0.29mmoL/L、3.73±0.21mmoL/L和3.71±0.24mmoL/L。经统计分析,三种不同方法测定血糖的结果差异不显著(P>0.05),其中以邻甲苯胺法较为理想,它具有所需试剂种类少、测定时间短和操作简单的优点。建议以其作为黄牛血糖测定的首选方法。     

我国木门自动化制造特点及发展趋势

木门加工装备的自动化水平直接影响木门的生产效率和产品质量,并决定企业的竞争力.笔者依据国内木门自动化制造领域丰富的实践经验,对我国木门自动化制造的特点及未来发展趋势进行了分析,为木门生产企业加工装备升级提出建议.     

党参小包装饮片养护方法研究

[目的]通过对比不同包装、贮藏条件对党参小包装饮片内外质量的影响,建立适合党参小包装饮片的养护贮藏方法.[方法]党参饮片分别采用聚乙烯塑料、铝箔、牛皮凝膜纸袋3种包装材料包装,做真空/非真空处理后,藏于不同温湿度的环境中,定期考察外观性状、水分、浸出物、多糖及其总黄酮等指标的变化.[结果]前6个月内,各组的检测指标均无明显变化;12个月时,非真空包装样品中的多糖、总黄酮含量均呈显著变化,且室温下贮存的纸袋包装样品出现了虫蛀,色泽变暗、变深的现象;18个月时,除真空包装冷藏处理的各样品以及阴凉条件下的铝箔真空包装样品各检测指标与0个月差异不大外,其余均有明显的性状或含测指标变化.[结论]结合养护成本综合考虑,党参小包装饮片可采用真空塑料或铝箔包装,存放于阴凉干燥处.     

安化黑毛茶加工现状与机械化发展趋势

本文结合安化黑毛茶初制加工现状及发展黑茶机械化生产的必要性,指出黑茶渥堆机的设计重点及难点,以期达到渥堆过程的量化控制,实现机械化生产,使黑茶生产的环境条件及加工流程符合现代化茶叶加工的要求。     

Black carbon estimation in French calcareous soils using chemo‐thermal oxidation method

We studied the black carbon (BC) content of ca. 405 samples from French topsoil and artificial soil and carbonate mixtures. Our protocol involved three main steps: (i) decarbonation by HCl, (ii) elimination of non‐pyrogenic organic carbon in a furnace at 375 °C, and (iii) quantification of residual carbon by CHN analysis. BC content increased for calcareous soils according to their carbonates content. Subsequent analyses confirmed the existence of a methodological artefact for BC determination only in calcareous soils. Decarbonation changes the thermal properties of organic matter, creating more recalcitrant carbon than in the initial sample. Higher CaCO₃ and organic carbon content results in a more pronounced artefact. The reversal of the first two steps of the chemo‐thermal oxidation method (i.e. thermal oxidation before soil decarbonation) eliminates this artefact. Overall, our results suggest that BC content may have been overestimated in a large number of studies on calcareous soils.