科尔沁沙地针叶树造林技术研究

研究认为科尔沁沙地针对树育苗适于排水良好的沙质、中性或微酸性土壤，pH值为6．5－7．0，不超过7．5，粘重土质或pH值超过7．5都不适宜。圃地使用草炭或河泥改良土,针叶树苗期管理的重点是防治立枯病；留床切根育苗可提高苗木质量，降低育苗成本；提高针叶树造林成活率的关键是使苗木根系保持湿润，不被风干。采用容器苗造林可以提高造林成活率；幼树越冬，埋上防寒，可提高幼林保存率10％左右。引种针叶树，增加新造林树种，提高针叶树造林技术，改善樟子松林的生长状况，防治枯梢病等对加强科尔沁沙地造林具有重要意义。     

山西省实施封禁治理的做法与效果

水土保持综合治理中的封禁治理 ,是恢复生态、改善环境最有效、最快捷的办法。近年来山西省在封禁治理中进行的探索与实践 ,已取得良好的社会效果 ,促进了社会生产力的发展和生产关系的调整 ,引发了一系列深刻的变化。封禁治理需要一定的扶持资金作为保障 ,须建立起高素质的科技服务体系     

草沙地阔叶树混交林造林试验

为提高草沙地系统稳定性,采用阔叶树混交方式营建草沙地防护林。树种配置以乡土、牧用树种为主,体现了树种的多样性。阔叶树易萌发、生长快,落叶可以被牲畜直接利用,增加了草地牧业利用的产量。沙地草地阔叶树混交林的营建,发挥了以林保草、以林促牧的作用,有利于建立林草复合经营模式。     

马尾松剪顶容器苗造林生长效果研究

2000年5月，在贵州省荔波县进行了马尾松剪顶容器苗造林试验，2003年1月调查结果，剪顶马尾松容器苗造林与对照比较，树高生长提高39．74％；地径生长提高34．4％；胸径生长提高89．11％；幼树保存率提高0．91％：冠径生长提高34．74％。     

Does Biochar Improve Establishment of Tree Seedlings in Saline Sodic Soils?

Reforestation of saline sodic soil is increasingly undertaken as a means of reclaiming otherwise unproductive agricultural land. Currently, restoration of degraded land is limited to species with high tolerances of salinity. Biochar application has the potential to improve physical, biological and chemical properties of these soils to allow establishment of a wider range of plants. In a glasshouse trial, we applied biochar made from Acacia pycnantha (5 Mg ha⁻¹) or no biochar to either a low (EC_e 4·75 dS m⁻¹, ESP 6·9), a moderate (EC_e 27·6 dS m⁻¹, ESP 29·3) or a high (EC_e 49·4 dS m⁻¹, ESP 45·1) saline sodic soil. The regional common reforestation species Eucalyptus viminalis and Acacia mearnsii were planted as tubestock in to the soils. Early establishment indicators, including growth, plant condition and nutrition, were assessed at the end of a simulated growing season, 108 days after biochar application. Application of biochar increased height, and decreased root : shoot and the concentration of Mn, N and S in plants of E. viminalis when grown in the highly saline sodic soil. Biochar application increased the concentration of B in leaves of E. viminalis and increased the concentration of P, K and S in leaves of A. mearnsii when grown in the low saline sodic soil. The results confirm that there is potential for biochar to assist in reforestation of saline sodic soils. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

直流电场处理树种在陕西飞播造林效果

用直流电场处理油松种子，进行发芽试验和飞播造林试验，结果表明：经直流电场处理的油松种子，可提前１￣２ｄ发芽，提高发芽成苗率１０％￣２５％。     

青海省大通县退耕还林生态功能综合评价

根据生态经济学原理,采用层次分析法（AHP）,建立了黄河上游退耕还林还草综合生态效益评价指标体系和数学模型。以青海大通县为例,对天然云杉林、退耕林地、天然荒草地、天然灌丛等植被类型进行综合生态效益评价,与农田生态系统进行对比研究。评价结果表明：天然云杉林、退耕林地、天然灌丛等类型的生态效益指数均大于农田生态系统,其综合生态效益指数排列顺序为,天然云杉林＞退耕林地＞天然灌丛＞农地＞天然荒草地。这一研究结果可为黄河上游退耕还林生态工程建设提供参考。     

南通市沙土区几种水土保持工程技术措施

针对沿海平原沙土区土质沙松、土颗粒间凝聚力小 ,河堤边坡水土流失严重的现象 ,研制、开发了一系列的水土保持工程技术 ,在河堤坡岸保护中发挥了重要作用     

Microbial biomass and activity in soil and litter underPinus sylvestris, Picea abies andBetula pendula at originally similar field afforestation sites

Microbial biomass C and N, and activities related to C and N cycles, were compared in needle and leaf litter, and in the uppermost 10 cm of soil under the litter layer in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), Norway spruce (Picea abies L.) and silver birch (Betula pendula L.) stands, planted on originally similar field afforestation sites 23–24 years ago. The ground vegetation was differentiated under different tree species, consisting of grasses and herbs under birch and pine, and mosses or no vegetation with a thick layer of needles under spruce. The C:N ratio of the soils was 13–21 and the soil pH_{CaCl 2} 3.8–5.2. Both showed little variation under different tree species. Microbial biomass C and N, C mineralization, net ammonification, reduction) did not differ significantly in soil under different tree species either. Birch leaf litter had a higher pH_{CaCl 2} (5.9) than spruce and pine needle litter (pH 5.0 and 4.8, respectively). The C:N ratio of spruce needles was 30, and was considerably higher in pine needles (69) and birch leaves (54). Birch leaves tended to have the highest microbial biomass C and C mineralization. Spruce needles appeared to have the highest microbial biomass N and net formation of mineral N, whereas formation of mineral N in pine needles and birch leaves was negligible. Microbial biomass C and N were of the same order of magnitude in the soil and litter samples but C mineralization was tenfold higher in the litter samples.     

山东干旱瘠薄山地造林新技术试验

 在山东干旱瘠薄山地,应用平衡根系无纺布容器育苗、乔灌藤科学配置、鱼鳞坑整地、水平阶整地、梯田整地、灌草覆盖、保水剂和常规技术（穴状整地）8种造林技术,对9个树种的造林成活率、栽植初期新梢生长量和侧柏（Platycladus orientalis）苗造林成本进行比较分析。结果表明:应用平衡根系无纺布容器育苗等7种技术与常规技术（穴状整地,对照）相比较,9个树种的平均成活率提高2.612.7百分点,栽植当年平均新梢生长量增加5.936.3百分点,应用平衡根系无纺布容器育苗技术造林成本降低9.3百分点,其他6种技术比常规技术（穴状整地,对照）的造林成本增加6.2158.4百分点。应用平衡根系无纺布容器育苗作为新的造林技术,在8种造林技术中,不仅造林成活率最高,在造林之初的新梢生长量亦最大,而且造林成本最低。