基于动物福利视角的规模化奶牛养殖场经济效应分析

本研究遵循动物福利"5F"原则,结合150家规模化奶牛养殖场实地调研数据,构建奶牛场动物福利评价体系,测度动物福利水平,并进一步建立嵌入动物福利水平测度值的规模化奶牛养殖场收入函数,验证关联效应.结果表明:生理福利和环境福利是影响我国规模化奶牛养殖场动物福利的最重要的2个维度,受访的规模化奶牛养殖场生理福利和环境福利的...     

Escaped farmed salmon, Salmo salar L., in the Glenarm River, Northern Ireland: genetic status of the wild population 7 years on

A previous study described genetic changes in a wild Atlantic salmon , Salmo salar L., population resulting from the spawning of escaped farmed salmon in the Glenarm River, Northern Ireland, in 1990. This study reports an extension of the original investigation with a further follow-up sample that was taken from the river in 1997 to assess the genetic status of the wild population two generations after the original hybridization between the wild population and the farmed strain. Overall genetic variation across eight polymorphic allozyme loci indicated that the wild population remains significantly different from the pre-escape population and from the immediate post-escape population, the presence of an allele not having been previously detected in this population ( GPI-1,2*140 ), suggesting that further incursion(s) of farmed salmon may have taken place.     

EXTERNALITIES,INSTITUTIONS AND THE LOCATION CHOICES OF SHELLFISH PRODUCERS: THE CASE OF BLUE MUSSEL FARMING IN THE MONT-SAINT-MICHEL BAY (FRANCE)

ABSTRACT

Most marine aquaculture activities remain strongly dependent on coastal ecosystems. In the case of shellfish farming, this dependency is related mainly to water quality and to the various ecological interactions resulting from the dynamics of coastal food webs. Such ecological constraints have influenced the overall evolution of blue mussel farming in the Mont-Saint-Michel Bay, leading producers to negotiate collective arrangements regarding production capacity and techniques and to develop production strategies at the farm level. This article presents an analysis of the location choices of mussel farmers in the Mont-Saint-Michel Bay based on an empirical investigation conducted in 2002. A typology of farms with respect to their land structure is developed in which some farms choose to concentrate their activity in a single part of the bay while others distribute their activity more widely. Determinants of the location choices of each farm category, including distance to port, natural productivity differentials, and predation of mussel stocks, are analyzed. The role of the institutional arrangements allowing mussel farmers to develop these location strategies is also discussed.     

饲料营养对猪肉品质的影响

对影响猪肉品质的主要营养因素:能量、脂肪和脂肪酸、蛋白质和氨基酸、维生素、矿物质元素及其它饲料添加剂的饲养试验效应进行了综述,并提出了今后有待解决的问题.     

虹鳟鱼的养殖技术特点和前景展望

本文阐述了养鳟业的经济意义和价值,并从养鳟用水和生产方式、苗种生产、食用鱼养成、养鳟饲料、海水养鳟,疾病防治等方面总结了养鳟基本技术,同时对我国养鳟历史作了回顾,提出了我国养鳟业的发展前景。     

加快松溪县农业产业化发展的思考

基于目前中国农业经营模式的基础上,分析了松溪县农业产业化的现状．对该县农业产业化发展的优势与劣势进行了探讨,并针对松溪县的农业产业化发展困境,提出了促进该县农业产业化快速发展的战略措施。     

干旱地区土壤保墒增墒的有效措施

旱灾是制约辽西地区农业发展的重要因素。针对辽西干旱地区农业生产实际,介绍深松和坐水播种技术及其作用,并通过应用试验以验证其对土壤的保墒增墒效果。试验结果表明,在干旱条件下采用这两种技术可有效改善土壤情况,为种子发芽出苗创造适宜的环境条件。     

旱作春小麦籽粒形成与灌浆特性

为了给旱地春小麦高产栽培提供依据,对内蒙古赤峰林东旱作地区春小麦籽粒建成及灌浆特性进行了观察和分析。结果表明,籽粒体积和含水量呈单峰曲线变化,籽粒干物质积累量符合“S”型曲线变化。开花后13-27d是小麦籽粒灌浆直线增长阶段,籽粒含水量相对平稳,籽粒重量直线增长,此期干物质积累量的占粒重的78%,为小麦产量形成的关键时期;不同农艺栽培措施对籽粒形成具有显著影响,只有密度适宜,氯、磷、钾三要素适量配施,才能提高灌浆强度,促进籽粒体积增大,增加粒重,获得高产。     

网围养蟹对浮游植物群落结构变化的影响

2008年6月至2009年5月,调查了阳澄湖网围养殖区及对应湖泊区域3组对照点的浮游植物群落结构特征,分析了浮游植物群落结构与环境变量之间的关系,利用多种参数对其水质进行评价。经鉴定,共采集到浮游植物8门116属275种,网围内主要优势种为不定微囊藻(Microcyst isincerta)、铜绿微囊藻(M.aeruginosa)和伪鱼腥藻属未定种(Pseudoanabaena sp.),网围外主要优势种为不定微囊藻、铜绿微囊藻、伪鱼腥藻属未定种及密集微囊藻(M. densa)。网围内浮游植物生物密度年均值[(3 143. 38±3 660. 84)×104个/L]及生物量[(3. 71±2. 31) mg/L]均低于网围外湖区对照点生物密度年均值[(3 830. 77±4 296. 56)×104个/L]及生物量[(5. 24±4. 10) mg/L]。冗余分析(RDA)表明,水温是影响浮游植物群落结构的主要环境因子,与生物密度呈正相关关系。水质分析表明,网围内外水体均为富营养化中污染水平,且3组对照点之间无显著性差异(P 0. 05)。     

旱作大豆综合农艺栽培措施与产量关系模型及产量构成分析

针对内蒙古大豆主产区,以蒙豆5号品种为试验材料,在旱作条件下,通过对不同施氮、磷、钾量和密度四项农艺栽培措施与产量形成的关系研究,建立了四项农艺措施与产量关系的数学模型.通过对数学模型的优化解析,提出了单产175kg/667m2以上目标产量的优化农艺栽培措施组合方案,即密度以2.05-2.19×104株/667m2、施磷(P2O5)量4.0-5.5kg/667m2、施钾(K2 O)量3.7-4.4kg/667m2、施氮(N)量4.0-4.7kg/667m2.经田间试验验证,模型和提供的优化方案可行,对生产实践具有重要的理论意义和应用价值.除单株荚数随着密度降低而增加外,单株粒数、荚粒数、百粒重及产量均随密度、施肥量增加而呈单峰曲线变化.