The potential of temporary shelters to increase survival of the endangered Mexican axolotl

1. Amphibian populations worldwide are in decline. Proactive conservation techniques such as translocations into created and restored wetlands have gained popularity in recent years but may fail owing to high predation and low environmental adaptability.
2. The Mexican axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum), affected by rapid urbanization, is now possibly extinct in the wild despite millions living in captivity throughout the world.
3. The aim of this study was to explore whether ponds from an artificial wetland can function as temporary shelters for a viable population of axolotls that could be re-introduced into their native ecosystem in Xochimilco once it is restored.
4. Egg-laying and hatching of 11 unique axolotl pairs placed into reproductive enclosures and larval survival to 7 weeks and up to 12 months were examined. Physicochemical and biological parameters were estimated and compared among ponds.
5. The results from this study are encouraging as they suggest that two ponds have adequate conditions for axolotls to reproduce and for larvae and juveniles to survive.

     

金坛市长荡湖湿地保护与恢复技术措施及综合效益分析

阐述了长荡湖湿地保护与恢复的重要性和必要性,重点介绍了2项独创技术来开展长荡湖湿地保护与恢复,为全省同类湖泊湿地保护与恢复提供了一些应用示范和实践经验。     

博斯腾湖芦苇湿地生态环境现状及芦苇生物量影响因素分析

以博斯腾湖芦苇湿地为研究区,通过野外调查和室内分析,对博斯腾湖三大苇区的土壤理化性质、水质特征及影响湿地芦苇生物量的主要因素进行了分析。研究结果表明:⑴苇区土壤环境质量现状良好,土壤有效氮含量平均为142.59mg/kg,速效磷含量平均为40.11mg/kg,有机质含量平均为7.81%,能够满足芦苇生长要求。⑵黄水苇区湿地土壤总盐含量及水中全盐含量分别为0.93%和3.04mg/L,其与芦苇生物量间均呈显著负相关关系(p0.05),而西南小湖区及大湖西岸区土壤总盐含量及水中全盐含量对芦苇生物量没有显著影响(p0.05);三苇区水中COD量和pH值对芦苇生物量均无显著影响。⑶芦苇的株高、茎粗、节数等三种形态特征指标与生物量之间呈极显著正相关关系(p0.01),芦苇的密度与生物量呈极显著负相关关系(P0.01)。     

苏州阳澄湖半岛湿地公园科普宣教规划设计研究

湿地公园科普宣教规划的主要目标是宣传湿地功能价值、普及湿地科学知识、弘扬湿地文化。从科普宣教规划和形式两方面入手,以苏州阳澄湖半岛湿地公园为例,探讨湿地公园科普宣教规划设计的具体实施方案,其中,规划方面分为科普宣教布局、整体结构规划和循序渐进引导规划,形式方面主要分为博览展示、解说系统和参与体验,实施方案旨在提高人们对湿地和环境的保护意识,让更多的人积极参与到湿地保护工作中。     

西藏自治区湿地保护分区布局探讨

在全面分析西藏湿地资源特点基础上,结合其自然地理条件、湿地生态结构与功能、湿地保护建设主要目标,并考虑与现有规划相衔接等因素,将西藏湿地分为藏北高原湖盆湿地保护建设区、喜马拉雅山麓—藏南山原湿地保护恢复区、雅鲁藏布江中游谷地湿地利用示范建设区和藏东南高山峡谷湿地保护建设区,分析各区存在的问题,提出保护重点和主要措施。     

湿地公园宣教设计--标牌与主题展示

明确了与标牌相关的几个概念及相互间的关系,提出了标牌、设计的基本要求与原则,就标牌分类和设计的材料、样式、色彩、内容、位置、文字与符号等元素进行了总结,提出了利用系列标牌进行主题宣教的设计思路。     

鄱阳湖流域典型湿地植物需水规律研究

湿地植被需水量是维持湿地生态系统生态平衡和湿地植被正常生长,保障湿地系统生态功能正常发挥所需的水量。选取鄱阳湖流域8种典型湿地植物:藜蒿、菖蒲、美人蕉、茭白、高秆灯芯草、西伯利亚鸢尾、白莲、莲藕,于2013年在江西省灌溉试验中心站人工湿地试验场开展试验,分析了不同湿地植物全生育期需水量及其生育阶段和日变化规律,得到不同湿地植物的作物系数。结果表明,在湿地植物需水高峰期的5-10月,8种湿地植被日均需水量变化范围为4.3~6.1mm,其中菖蒲最高为6.1mm,白莲最低为4.3mm。经测定,湿地日均渗漏量为1.3mm;全生育期湿地植被需水量变化范围为800~1 125.6mm,是平均值的0.86倍至1.21倍;8种湿地植物全生育期作物系数变化范围为1.8~2.4,其中菖蒲最高为2.4,白莲和莲藕最低为1.8,而藜蒿、高杆灯芯草和西伯利亚鸢尾的全生育期作物系数为2.0左右,对照处理作物系数保持在1.7。本文研究结果为鄱阳湖流域不同湿地植物需水规律分析及其计算提供了依据。     

不同管理方式对芦苇生长的影响研究

通过定点观测及室内综合分析的方法,研究了芦苇在不同管理方式下的生长状况及光合特征.结果表明:(1)芦苇各生长指标之间具有紧密的关联,生物量、叶面积、株高、株径可以较好地反映芦苇的综合状况,即可以用来评价芦苇生长情况.密度增加是芦苇群落退化的重要表现之一.(2)适时适当的火烧处理可以起到积极的生态作用,促使芦苇在形态指标和生物量上都表现出优势,促使芦苇更早进入生长发育,并且较早地进入生殖生长期.(3)收割处理可移除地表枯落物,使地上植被具有更多的生长空间去竞争水肥气热等资源,而对芦苇生长发育具有积极促进作用,而不同留茬高度对芦苇的生长无显著影响.(4)芦苇的盖度、株径、叶片个数、分节数和株高的变异系数均较小,表明它们作为芦苇的基本形态指标是较为稳定的,生态可塑性小;而芦苇种群密度的变异系数较大,表明密度不稳定,具有较大的生态可塑性.     

Salinity tolerance during early development of threatened Murray hardyhead (Craterocephalus fluviatilis) to guide environmental watering

1. The worldwide reduction in wetlands has led to the large‐scale decline of wetland‐dependent species. In Australia, to redress some of the decline, partial restoration of the hydrology of a small number of wetlands has been attempted using allocations of environmental water.
2. A common goal of the watering is the maintenance and enhancement of native fish communities, which historically have included populations of the salt tolerant Murray hardyhead (Craterocephalus fluviatilis), a small, short‐lived fish, endemic to the lower Murray–Darling Basin.
3. Despite the addition of environmental water to several sites at which the species is known to persist, populations continue to decline. This decline is, at least in part, suspected to be a consequence of salinities that conflict with the breeding ecology and survival of early life stages.
4. Here the effect of salinity on egg hatch rate and the upper salinity tolerance of larval and juvenile Murray hardyhead was determined under laboratory conditions. It was found that eggs were vulnerable to elevated salinities, whereas juveniles were capable of tolerating salinities up to 105 ppt.
5. Based on the results of the experiment, brackish wetlands managed for Murray hardyhead should be maintained, where possible, between 12 and 45 ppt. Such a salinity regime will necessitate less intensive management of salinity, and a reduced volume of environmental water, providing both environmental and fiscal benefits. The research highlights the benefits of investment in targeted research.

     

人工湿地氧化还原特征及其与微生物活性相关性

在水力负荷为800 mm/d的运行条件下,研究了复合垂直流人工湿地中试系统不同功能层面的氧化还原特征、好氧微生物数量、基质的耗氧速率及氧化还原酶类活性的分布特点。结果表明:各功能层面的氧化还原电位、好氧微生物数量、耗氧速率表层最高,并且随着基质深度的增加逐渐降低。除过氧化物酶外,氧化酶活性表现为表层高于中下层;而硝酸盐还原酶、亚硝酸盐还原酶等活性变化趋势则相反。同时,氧化还原电位与基质中细菌、真菌、放线菌的数量、耗氧速率等存在显著正相关关系;氧化还原电位与多酚氧化酶、过氧化氢酶、脱氢酶等氧化酶活性也存在显著正相关,而与下行流池的硝酸盐还原酶、亚硝酸盐还原酶等还原酶类存在显著负相关关系。