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101.
我国CCA系列配方与英国CCA(Tanalith C,Celcure K33)的对比试验表明:我国CCA_3、CCA_6配方抗流失和对金属腐蚀效果接近英国产品;砷含量范围低于美国CCA—C型;国产原料配制的CCA_(S)抗流失和对金属腐蚀性较好。浸渍处理试验显示,CCA类防腐剂宜采用加压法。PPA油性防腐剂中的五氯酚溶解度、抗“霜”、油漆性能良好;CCB宜于处理门窗及室内木结构。表层化学浸渍处理可使硼在木材中的保留率提高到60—70%。 相似文献
102.
H. W. Fassbender L. Alpízar J. Heuveldop H. Fölster G. Enríquez 《Agroforestry Systems》1988,6(1-3):49-62
Models for cycles for organic matter and nutrients element (N, P, K, Ca and Mg) are presented for the agroforestry systems
of cacao (Theobroma cacao) withCordia alliodora orErythrina poeppigiana in Turrialba, Costa Rica.
For the models, system reserves (soil, humus, vegetation divided into leaves, branches, stems, fine roots, fruits) and transference
between compartments (production and decomposition of litter residues) inputs (fertilizer, rainfall) and outputs (harvests)
of the system are considered.
The implications of the models are discussed in detail.
Aspects of net primary production in the systems studied are considered.
N fixation is calculated on the basis of balances. Analysis of soil water showed high variations that coincided with rainfall
patterns and pruning of theE. poeppigiana.
For part I see Vol. 4, No. 3, 1986 For part II see this issue
Agroforestry Project, CATIE/GTZ (Tropical Agricultural Research and Training Center/Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit),
Turrialba, Costa Rica 相似文献
103.
Harald Dinkelmeyer Johannes Lehmann Andreas Renck Lucerina Trujillo Jose Pereira da Silva Jr Gerhard Gebauer Klaus Kaiser 《Agroforestry Systems》2003,57(3):213-224
Mixed tree cropping systems have been proposed for sustainable nutrient management in the humid tropics. Yet, the nutrient interactions between intercropped trees have not been addressed sufficiently. In the present study we compare the temporal and spatial patterns of the uptake of applied 15N by four different tree crops in a mixed tree cropping system on a Xanthic Ferralsol in central Amazônia, Brazil, during one year. Most of the N uptake occurred during the first two weeks. Very little N was recovered by peach palm (Bactris gasipaes), more by cupuassu (Theobroma grandiflorum) and annatto (Bixa orellana) and most by Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsa). Due to tree pruning the total accumulation of applied 15N in the above-ground biomass of annatto decreased throughout the year. It remained constant in cupuassu and peach palm and increased in Brazil nut. Brazil nut showed an extensive root activity and took up more fertilizer N applied to neighboring trees than from the one applied under its own canopy in contrast to the other three tree crops. Therefore, trees with wide-spread root systems may not need to receive N fertilizer directly but can take up N applied to other trees in the mixed cropping system. This means that such trees may effectively decrease N leaching when intercropped with trees that have dormant periods or places with low N uptake, but also exert considerable resource competition.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
104.
对20个杉木不同家系的苗木进行磷素营养要求试验,1年生苗木盆栽试验结果表明:杉木不同家系苗木对磷素营养反应敏感,2g磷处理使苗高、地径分别增益3.7%—96.5%、7.4%—61.1%,4g磷处理使苗高、地径分别增益2.1%—83.1%、3.7%—57.9%,杉木苗期需要磷素营养。三明38、三明67、三明48、三明58四个家系生长比较理想,在0g磷处理下,1年生平均苗高13.0—15.99cm,平均地径0.23—0.27cm,这4个家系具有更大的生长潜力,20个家系间对磷素营养要求方面不存在显著的差异。 相似文献
105.
106.
H. W. Fassbender L. Alpízar J. Heuveldop H. Fölster G. Enríquez 《Agroforestry Systems》1988,6(1):49-62
Models for cycles for organic matter and nutrients element (N, P, K, Ca and Mg) are presented for the agroforestry systems of cacao (Theobroma cacao) withCordia alliodora orErythrina poeppigiana in Turrialba, Costa Rica.For the models, system reserves (soil, humus, vegetation divided into leaves, branches, stems, fine roots, fruits) and transference between compartments (production and decomposition of litter residues) inputs (fertilizer, rainfall) and outputs (harvests) of the system are considered.The implications of the models are discussed in detail.Aspects of net primary production in the systems studied are considered.N fixation is calculated on the basis of balances. Analysis of soil water showed high variations that coincided with rainfall patterns and pruning of theE. poeppigiana.For part I see Vol. 4, No. 3, 1986 For part II see this issueAgroforestry Project, CATIE/GTZ (Tropical Agricultural Research and Training Center/Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit), Turrialba, Costa Rica 相似文献
107.
Tracer methods to assess nutrient uptake distribution in multistrata agroforestry systems 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Separate assessment of nutrient uptake by individual plants in mixed cropping with trees is impossible without tracer techniques.
The different 15N-to-14N isotope ratio of atmospheric and soil N can be used to study the contribution of biologically fixed N to the nutrition of
associated trees. In most cases, the assessment of nutrient uptake distribution is an appropriate way of evaluating how to
improve the transfer of biologically fixed N. Radioisotopes (e.g., 32P), stable isotopes (e.g., 15N) and rare elements (e.g., Sr) can be used to determine relative root activity distribution by applying the tracer to different
soil depths or distances from trees. A broadcast application of the tracer instead of point application makes it possibe to
calculate uptake values per unit area. The direct determination of nutrient pathways with such robust experiments offers considerable
advantages for improving nutrient use efficiency and complementarity in multistrata agroforestry systems.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
108.
109.
L. Alpízar Professor H. W. Fassbender Coordinator J. Heuveldop Professor H. Fölster G. Enríquez 《Agroforestry Systems》1986,4(3):175-189
The agroforestry systems of cacao (Theobroma cacao) under laurel (Cordia alliodora) and cacao under poro (Erythrina poeppigiana) were studied at CATIE, Turrialba, Costa Rica. An inventory was taken of the organic matter and nutrients (N, P, K, Ca, and Mg) separating the species into their compartments (leaves, branches, trunks and roots). Studies of the litter and of the mineral soil (0–45 cm) yielded these results:
Patterns of nutrient accumulation are discussed in relation to the characteristics of these agroforestry systems. 相似文献
110.
J. Heuveldop H. W. Fassbender L. Alpízar G. Enríquez H. Fölster 《Agroforestry Systems》1988,6(1-3):37-48
During 7 years (1979–1985) cacao harvests (beans and husks) have been recorded for the agroforestry systems ofTheobroma cacao underCordia alliodora andErythrina poeppigiana shade trees. The mean oven dry cacao yields were 626 and 712 kg.ha−1.a−1 cocoa beans underC. alliodora andE. poeppigiana respectively. Harvests have gradually increased over the years and the plantation has now reached maturity.
Annual extraction of N, P, K, Ca and Mg in fruits, which is relatively small, was calculated on the basis of chemical analyses.
The following average values were found (kg.ha−1.a−1):
At the age of 8 years, theC. alliodora trees have reached 26.7 cm diameter (DBH) and 14.0 m in height. Mean annual growth (from age 5 to 7) is 14.6 m3.ha−1.a−1.
Natural plant residue production has been measured for 4 years (Nov. 1981–Oct. 1985). UnderE. poeppigiana it has reached a value of 8.91 t.ha−1.a−1 and underC. alliodora 7.07 t.ha−1.a−1. The shade trees have contributed 57 and 47% respectively. Transference and decomposition rates are high and important in
the nutrient cycles.
The nutrient content of the litter was analysed and corresponding average yearly transfers were (kg.ha−1.a−1):
For part I see Vol. 4, No. 3, 1986.
Agroforestry Project, CATIE/GTZ (Tropical Agricultural Research and Training Center/Gesselschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit),
Turrialba, Costa Rica 相似文献