Discussion on Private Forestry Development in China

1 HISTORICAL PROCESS ANDPRESENT SITUATION ON PRIVATEFORESTRY IN CHINABefore 1978, all the private sectors were bannedto own forest tenure in China. At that time, forestwas managed by state-run forest farms, state-runforestry industry bureaus or collectives. When thereform and opening-up policy was initiated inChina, with the implementation of HouseholdResponsibility System (HRS) in rural areas, privatesectors began to participate in forestry. In March1981, the State…     

植物源农药的研究和应用进展

综述了植物源农药(包括植物源杀虫剂、植物源杀菌剂、植物源除草剂)的研究和开发应用现状。较详细地介绍了几种典型杀虫植物注要包括楝科植物、豆科鱼藤属植物、卫矛科植物)的杀虫机理和开发应用情况,并讨论了植物源杀虫剂今后研究的几个热点:生物技术在植物源杀虫剂研究中的应用;植物源光活化毒素的研究;杀虫植物资源的进一步调查研究。与植物源杀虫剂相比,植物源杀菌剂和除草剂的研究和应用要少得多。然而目前人们已经在植物体内发现许多具有杀菌、除草活性的物质,因此开发植物资源合成杀菌剂和除草剂具有巨大的潜力。     

基于机器视觉的树木图像实时采集与识别系统

研究了树木图像的实时采集与识别技术 ,以及树木图像处理及分析软件系统的开发 ,并自行设计制作了室内模拟实验系统。树木图像处理技术包括图像的获取、图像的增强、图像边缘检测、图像分割和图像的特征提取与识别。本文的研究能够为分离施药目标与非施药目标提供依据 ,有助于精确农药喷雾的实现。     

First results on synchrony between seasonal pattern of pheromone trap captures of cotton bollworm, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Helicoverpa armigera</Emphasis> and appearance of freshly emerged larvae on developing cobs of corn hybrids

Synchrony between development of five corn hybrid varieties of various seasonal growing rates (FAO numbers), seasonal flight pattern of male cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera Hb. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), as monitored by pheromone traps, and the subsequent appearance of newly hatched larvae on developing cobs were studied at Mezőhegyes, South-Hungary, in 2003 and 2004. The phenological stages of corn hybrids were evaluated using the Iowa State University Scale (R₁–R₅), the flight of male moths was monitored by large capacity, funnel type of pheromone traps and the appearance of freshly hatched larvae on developing cobs were counted by visual inspection. The synchrony between the flight peak of male moths and the peak apperance of L₁ larvae on cobs was investigated by cross-correlation. In 2003 (average daily temperatures 20.7°C, average daily relative humidity 59.9% for the period of 4–18 July) “DK 391”, “DK 443” and “Maraton” hybrid varieties already reached silking stage (R₁) by the time when pheromone traps indicated a peak, at 7 July (peak capture at 3-day intervals 755.5 males/traps). The number of L₁ larvae peaked on developing cobs of these varieties also at 7 July (7.0, 4.0 and 3.8 larvae/50 cobs, respectively). The synchrony between the flight peak of male moths and the peak appearance of L₁ larvae on cobs was proven (LAG = 0). A rather similar trend was observed in “Vilma” hybrid variety: it reached R₁ stage at 7 July, and L₁ larvae appeared only a few days later (11 July, 3.8 larvae/50 cobs) (LAG = −1). However, “Maxima” hybrid variety reached R₁ stage 1 week later (14 July) than the time of peak captures. Here L₁ larvae peaked as late as at 18 July (0.8 larvae/50 cobs), i.e., only after the cob had reached R₁ stage (LAG = −3). A reverse order of dates of R₁ stage and peak capture was observed in “Maxima” in 2004 (average daily temperatures; 22.5°C, average daily relative humidities 72.6% for the period of 15 July–6 August): it reached R₁ stage at 19 July, while peak trap captures were recorded at 6 August (peak capture at 3-day intervals 20.5 males/traps). L₁ larvae were found in the highest numbers on 2 August (1.5 larvae/50 cobs), practically in synchrony with peak caputres (LAG = 0). “Káma” reached R₁ stage in 16 July, and L₁ larvae peaked at 2 August (1.3 larvae/50 cobs) (LAG = 0). On the rest of the corn varieties larvae were found only in too numbers for performing statistical analysis. We conclude that in order to predict the appearance of L₁ larvae, the phenological stage of the corn variety and the seasonal flight pattern of moths, as measured by large capacity pheromone traps, should be considered in combination. If the corn variety already reached R₁ stage, L₁ larvae appear on cobs as early as the time of peak flight of moths. However, no young larvae appear on cobs despite of high trap captures, until the corn reaches the R₁ stage. These findings are discussed in the view of specifying optimal timing of a pesticide application.     

我国林业施药器械的现状与发展趋势

本文回顾和总结了我国林业施药器械生产和使用的历史和现状，展望了今后的发展趋势。     

论中国的环境税--税收手段治理环境

环境税是政府通过税收手段矫正制度失灵(市场失灵和政府失灵),实现环境保护和资源保护的一个有效工具。环境税的征收从经济角度为解决我国日益严重的环境问题提供了思路,但目前我国的环境保护税费制度不适应市场经济体制。我国环境税制建设本身需要分为近期和远期规划进行实施,同时需要从宏观方面进行配套建设。     

大栗鳃金龟生物学特性与防治研究

大栗鳃金龟自１９８５年首次在临夏太子山林区发生后，以５年为一周期于１９９０年、１９９５年定期发生。该虫以幼虫和成虫在土壤内越冬，也以幼虫和成虫对林木幼苗造成巨大为害。幼虫期采用５０％辛硫磷乳剂６００倍液、８０％敌敌畏乳剂６００倍液，防治效果达９０％以上。成虫期采用黑光灯诱杀、人工捕捉，２５％氧乐菊酿乳剂８００倍液或“６６６”烟剂防治，均能收到很好的效果。     

我国林业税费体制分析

随着我国农村税费改革的不断深化,作为农村税费改革一个重要组成部分的林业税费改革越来越引起各级政府和社会有关方面的关注。文章针对我国林业税费改革中的突出问题,在客观、准确地描述现行林业税费体系的基础上,用经济学的方法对林业税费进行分析,提出对我国林业税费改革的建议。     

杨小舟蛾防治药剂筛选

通过对1.8%阿维菌素、25%灭幼脲、100亿芽活孢.g-1B t和90%敌百虫4种药剂在室内、室外对杨小舟蛾幼虫防治试验,发现各种供试药剂均取得一定的防治效果,其中1.8%阿维菌素、25%灭幼脲、100亿芽活孢.g-1B t防效较好。     

竹提取物抗菌杀虫性能的研究进展

竹子不同部位含有特征性的生物活性成分,将其开发成天然食品防腐剂和杀虫剂已成为当今的研究热点,该文综述了竹叶提取物、竹醋液、竹皮提取物的抑菌、杀虫作用及其相关研究进展,以期为竹子提取物在食品添加剂和生物农药领域的应用提供信息。