种植区环境对燕麦种质成株期白粉病抗性的影响

为探究种植区环境对燕麦种质成株期白粉病抗性的影响,利用相对抗病指数分别对种植在甘肃省半干旱区(甘肃农业大学兰州牧草试验站)和二阴地区(通渭县华家岭镇)的28份燕麦资源在田间自然感病条件的白粉病成株期抗性进行了鉴定和评价。结果表明:28份材料中4641和99AS207在两个试验点均表现为高抗,4607、Rigdon、DA92-3F4、青永久252、青永久9和青永久98等6份材料在两个试验点均表现为中抗,但4628、伽利略和青永久307在牧草站表现高抗白粉病,在华家岭表现高感,而709、青永久316、青永久49在牧草站高感白粉病,在华家岭表现高抗;所有参试材料中以4628的相对抗病指数变化最大,在华家岭和牧草站分别为0和0.92。结果表明种植区环境对燕麦白粉病抗性有显著影响,参试材料在半干旱地区的病害平均严重度高于二阴地区。     

金玉818青贮玉米接茬花溪芜菁甘蓝种植模式研究

为了提高土地复种指数,增加贵州省大方县农民收入,进行了金玉818青贮玉米接茬花溪芜菁甘蓝的种植模式研究。研究结果表明,该种植模式在大方县的种植效果较好,其纯收入可达到27517.50元/hm2。     

宁夏马铃薯适宜播种期预测研究

利用宁夏中南部8县(区)国家站逐日气温、降水气象数据,历年马铃薯单产量、马铃薯发育期、土壤相对湿度数据。应用正态分布检验得到宁夏马铃薯主产区适宜播种期土壤相对湿度指标在53.5%～71.2%之间;应用有效积温及Logistic模型方法得到多年全生育期有效积温1 790℃·d,利用反推方法,得到4月1日开始的效积温与1 790℃·d的差值,在1 300～1 600℃·d、1 100～1 300℃·d分别作为马铃薯最适宜播种期,最迟播种积温指标;通过历史数据和2021～2022年预测检验,预报效果较好;在80%气候保证率下,利用该模型,科学预测马铃薯适宜播种期,保证较高出苗率,能有效增加产量,提高商品薯率。     

棉隆土壤消毒联合种植密度防除油菜田杂草及对作物产量和田间光照的影响

在农田杂草的治理中,结合农艺措施来治理草害的发生,可有效减少化学除草剂的使用,实现草害的综合治理。本文采用田间试验研究了棉隆土壤消毒联合油菜不同种植密度对油菜田主要杂草野燕麦Avena fatua、苦苣菜Sonchus oleraceus的防除效果,及杂草对氮、磷、钾及水分消耗的影响。结果表明,土壤消毒联合种植密度对油菜田杂草防除效果显著,对野燕麦、苦苣菜均有良好防效,总鲜重防效达到89.8%～100.0%。采取防除措施后,杂草对田间氮、磷、钾和水分的消耗量减少85%以上,有效改善了田间的水肥和光照条件。土壤消毒联合种植密度不同处理的油菜籽产量达到3 155.0～4 920.5 kg/hm2,增产效果显著,产量较未消毒土壤区增加13.3%～76.8%,增收1 857.3～10 684.8元/hm2。研究表明采用土壤消毒结合种植密度对油菜田杂草具有很好的控制效果,适度增加油菜种植密度既能保证对杂草防效,同时也能保证产量。     

水产专业教学生产实习基地建设模式的探索与实践

结合水产专业近几年的教学生产实习情况,对西南大学荣昌校区水产系实习基地建设的意义、模式和效果进行了总结,并对加强教学生产实习基地建设提出了5项措施：建立相应的组织管理机构,完善制度建设;加大投入力度;加强指导教师队伍建设,充分发挥其教学主导作用;做好学生实习的考核工作;开展教学研究,提高教学水平,保证教学质量。     

Assessment of genetic diversity in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) germplasm using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP)

AFLP technique was applied to assess genetic diversity among 44 common bean accessions that included 6 exotic accessions, 15 Indian land races and 23 released varieties. Eight AFLP primer pairs were used that produced 820 products of which 698 were polymorphic (85.12%). Wide variations were observed among all the accessions for the number of amplification products, percent polymorphism and average polymorphism information content (PIC). The Jaccard's similarity indices (J) based on the AFLP profiles were subjected to UPGMA cluster analysis. The dendrogram generated revealed seven major groups. Seventeen out of 23 released varieties were restricted to clusters VI and VII. The value of r = 0.934 in Mantel's test for cophenetic corrlelation applied to the cluster analysis indicated the high fitness of the accessions to a group. The germplasm used in the present study had narrow genetic base, although moderate to high genetic diversity was observed. The details of diversity analysis and the potential use of Indian common bean accessions in common bean breeding programme are provided in the present study.     

Photosynthesis of field-grown Arracacha (Arracacia xanthorriza Bancroft) cultivars in relation to root-yield

There has been limited research on measuring potential differences in leaf gas exchange of Arracacha (Peruvian parsnip, Arracacia xanthorriza Bancroft) cultivars, as affected by different environments, as well as its relation to storage root-yield. The present paper reports field measurements of leaf CO₂ assimilation rates (A) for five contrasting cultivars grown at two different high-altitude locations. Using a design of plots chosen at random with three repetitions, commercial root production was determined in the two locations at different altitude (1580 and 1930 m). Daily leaf gas exchange was repeatedly monitored with a portable open-mode infrared gas analyzer at different times in both locations during the growth cycle. Root-yield, leaf area and dry weight were measured. Significant differences in leaf photosynthetic rate and in specific leaf area (SLA) were observed among cultivars. Cultivars with high SLA, had high CO₂ assimilation. Mean (A_n) and total (A_tot) of CO₂ assimilation and SLA were significantly correlated with storage root-yield across cultivars and locations. The three cultivars with the greatest commercial root production also had the highest maximum values for A and the highest specific leaf area, indicating that these two parameters can be used to select for highly productive cultivars of A. xanthorriza.     

酱用型辣椒新品种‘热辣2号’

 酱用型辣椒‘热辣2号’属于中国辣椒（Capsicum chinense Jacquin）,播种至大量收获约142 d。株幅130 cm×90 cm。叶表无毛。每节约3～10朵花,每果位1～3果,少数果位4～6果,单株坐果130个左右,产量45 000 kg·hm^-2,辣度174212 SHU。     

墨西哥辣椒果实生长发育及品质变化的研究

以墨西哥辣椒(Chili Pepper)为材料,研究了其果实的生长发育过程及其在果实发育期间与风味、卫生、质地和营养品质相关的几项指标.结果表明:墨西哥辣椒果实发育期间,其形态发育呈单"S"型增长模式;可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白质含量在花后28 d出现生育期中的最小值,分别是28.259 mg/g和8.856 mg/g;风味指标中的辣椒素含量在花后49 d达到生育期中的最大值2.26 mg/g,维生素C含量在果实发育期间呈线性增长.综合各项指标,墨西哥辣椒果实品质以花后56 d是最优质的.     

粗牛角椒新品种郑椒505 的选育

郑椒505具有中熟,果实粗牛角形,果长15～18cm,肩径宽6～7cm,肉厚0.4cm,单果重125～167g,果色深绿,辣味适中,商品性好,品质优良,维生素C含量113mg/100g。丰产抗病,每667m2产量可达4270.26kg,高抗疫病、病毒病、炭疽病,适应性强,春秋保护地、露地均可种植。