稻瘟病菌浅黄色素突变体对稻株诱导抗性的探讨（英文）

经用紫外光诱变菲律宾的一个具有广谱毒性的菌株PO6-6中获得2个浅黄色素突变株A和B以及从浙江省分离的弱致病性菌株C,在25/16℃、RH70%的人工气候箱内,先在4个感病品种上接种48小时后再接种强致病性菌株D和E,浅黄色素突变株和弱菌株对强菌株在水稻感病植株上呈现出交叉保护现象。6批重复试验一致表明,浅黄色素突变株和弱致病性菌株均可明显地诱导水稻植株对稻瘟病的抗病性。本文并就利用稻瘟病菌的交叉保护作用,为开辟防治新途径进行了讨论。     

补饲茄子皮对奶山羊的饲喂效果试验

用茄子皮饲喂宁夏当地的土种奶山羊，发现饲喂茄子皮的试验组比对照组的产奶量提高了67％，乳脂率变化不明显，增收明显．说明茄子皮可作为一种饲料资源进行利用．     

核桃外果皮的开发利用研究（Ⅱ） ——晒干、晾干、沤干的核桃外果皮中棕褐色色素的提取率与 稳定性比较

将同一采样点的样品分别晒干、晾干、沤干后,以水为萃取剂,提取棕褐色色素,并对其稳定性进行了测试与比较。结果表明:由于干燥方式不同,导致提取率有差别。色素溶液的吸光度随波长增加而减小的趋势相同,色素的水溶性,耐氧化一还原性,耐光性,盐、蔗糖、金属离子对色素的色泽的影响基本相似。     

我国天然植物色素研究与开发初探

就天然植物色素的性质特点，种类及化学结构，提取与纯化，色素资源开发与重点开发对象和存在问题作了简述，为中国天然植物色素研究，开发，利用提供参考。     

桑椹红色素稳定性的研究

研究了光和热等物理因素、常用食品添加剂、金属离子、氧化剂及还原剂对桑椹红色素稳定性的影响。结果表明 :pH值对桑椹色素的影响显著 ,在酸性条件下色素稳定 ;长时间高温和光照对色素有明显的破坏作用 ;金属离子Na+ 、Ca2 + 、Cu2 + 、Fe2 + 、Mg2 + 、Zn2 + 和Mn2 + 对桑椹色素色泽有一定的增色效果 ,但Fe3 + 则有明显的不良影响 ;食品中常用的葡萄糖、蔗糖、苯甲酸钠和山梨酸钾对桑椹色素无明显的不良影响 ;VC对桑椹色素有双重作用 ,而H2 O2 和Na2 SO3 对色素有严重的破坏作用。     

橙皮综合利用研究进展

介绍了橙皮中有价值成分香精油、橙皮色素、果胶、橙皮苷等的提取方法以及在食品、饮料、化妆品等方面的应用.     

Early assessment of processing strawberries for colour

Summary It is possible to select strawberry cultivars that give a satisfactory, naturally coloured canned product as an alternative to the commercially dyed one. Spectrophotometric measurements of the syrup from cans, the canned fruit and fresh fruit were compared with visual scoring. A preliminary screening for colour based on visual assessment of fresh flesh colour is possible.     

Variation in pigment content of flour color in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Summary Variation in pigment content of the flour of bread wheats (Triticum aestivum L.) was studied in the progenies of F₁ and F₂ of three crosses and their reciprocals. Reciprocal differences in pigment content were observed in the F₁ and F₂ means. Low pigment content was found to be partially dominant or over dominant in the crosses studied. There was evidence of substantial mid-parent F₁ heterosis in all crosses and betterparent F₁ heterosis in three crosses. In the F₂, heritability estimates were moderate to high. The F₂ frequency distributions were not normal. Estimation of effective factor pairs indicated the presence of one or two major gene pairs involved in the expression of pigment content in the flour. Action of modifiers was also assumed in one cross and its reciprocal. A factorial approach to metrical character suggested that the F₂ segregation ratios of low pigment content to high pigment content were 3:1, 15:1, 13:3 and 9:7 for the different crosses. Utilization of the findings in a wheat breeding program is briefly discussed.     

棉酚及色素腺体对棉花抗枯萎病性的作用

本文对低酚棉与有酚棉的抗病和感病品种及其杂交后代进行了研究。结果表明，在种子中棉酚含量及色素腺体密度与品种的抗枯萎病性没有相关性。在幼苗中，低酚棉幼苗棉酚含量均显著高于有酚棉品种，但它们之间的抗枯萎病性也没有显著差异。在低酚棉与有酚棉品种杂交的Ｆ２代群体中，无色素腺体和稀色素腺体类型苗的抗病性明显高于腺体密度较高的类型苗。对７个杂交组合Ｆ２代中有色素腺体和无色素腺体幼苗的抗病性分析表明，无色素腺体类型苗的病指显著低于有色素腺体类型苗的病指。幼苗人工接种枯萎菌后，棉酚含量表现升高，但抗病品种低于感病品种。     

Introgression of a gene for delayed pigment gland morphogenesis from Gossypium bickii into upland cotton

The presence of gossypol and its derivatives above the WHO/FAO standards (0.02–0.04%) in cotton seed oil and meal limits its usage as food and feed. To the contrary, the presence of pigment glands filled with gossypol and its derivatives helps to protect cotton plants from phytophageous pests. Thus a desirable cultivar would have glandless seeds on a glanded plant. This paper describes results on the successful introgression of this trait from Gossypium bickii into cultivated upland cotton. Five different tri‐specific hybrids (ABH1, ABH2, ABH3, ABH4 and ABH5) were obtained by crossing the amphidiploid F₁ (G. arboreum × G. bickii) with different gland genotypes of G. hirsutum as male parent. The hybrids were highly sterile, and their chromosome configuration at meiosis metaphase 1 (M1) in pollen mother cell (PMC) was 2n = 52 = 41.04 I + 4.54 II + 0.57 III + 0.04 IV. All five hybrids were similar in morphological characters, except for the gland expression and gossypol contents. The hybrid (ABH3) derived from genotype Gl₂Gl₂gl₃gl₃ of upland cotton (a single gene dominant line) had completely introgressed the target trait of G. bickii. While ABH1 and ABH2, which derived from recessive (gl₂gl₂gl₃gl₃) or dominant (GlGl) glandless upland cotton genotypes, had glandless seeds too, but the density and size of the glands on the plant were reduced significantly.