The quality of life of pet dogs owned by elderly people depends on the living context,not on the owner's age

Social and physical changes associated with human aging may influence the characteristics of the relationship between dogs and their owners and ultimately pets' quality of life. In view of the need of data on this aspect, this study examined the effects of owners' age on the quality of life of dogs. We compared parameters of dogs' quality of life (owners' care and attachment to them and pets' physical condition) between elderly and adult owners living in rural/suburban areas of 2 cities in Northern Italy. Within this context, the only finding was the lower degree of health care provided to dogs by their elderly owners, suggesting a lack of specific information about dog health care, rather than a general effect of the owners' age on the relationship with their pet. Dogs' quality of life parameters were also compared between elderly people living in rural/suburban areas and another sample of elderly people living in city centers. The latter were more attached to their dogs and provided them with a higher level of care. In conclusion, this study found very limited concerns about the adoption of dogs late in their owners' lives. However, in view of the importance of the living context of the elderly on their pets' quality of life, this aspect warrants further investigation.     

The protean relationship between boreal forest landscape structure and red squirrel distribution at multiple spatial scales

This paper investigates two fundamental questions in landscape ecology: what influence does landscape context, or the composition of the matrix, have on an animals’ response to landscape structure, and how does this relationship extrapolate between landscapes? We investigate how the distribution of North American red squirrels (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus) in the boreal mixedwood forest is influenced by anthropogenically (forest harvest) and naturally (forest fire) derived landscape structure. We studied the presence and absence of red squirrels over two years in three landscape types: one managed for timber harvest, one recently burned by wildfire, and a third unburned unmanaged landscape. Landscape composition and configuration, measured at several spatial scales, predicted red squirrel’s distribution in all three landscapes, but the significant landscape variables changed across spatial scales, across time, and across landscapes. These findings emphasize the variability in landscape structure/animal distribution relationships, and enforce the need to link pattern-finding studies, such as this one, with searches for the mechanisms behind the observed pattern.     

“异化”与成语翻译

成语翻译一般分成两类：词典翻译和文学语境下的语用翻译。成语的词典翻译往往是孤立静止的。文学语境下的翻译则必须服务于作品的“文学性”。英汉成语误译的原因主要在于：汉英两个民族由于各自不同的认知语境对同一文化意象的理解产生错位，以及独特的文化意象不为另一认知语境中的读者了解所致。     

工业废弃地景观改造中的场所精神构建探析——以黄石国家矿山公园为例

以黄石国家矿山公园为例,通过阐述工业废弃地改造过程中场所精神丧失的现状,运用场所理论,依据场地自然生态及人文历史环境,提出从工业废弃地生态恢复、景观再生、文脉延续三方面加强场所归属感及对场所的认同感,恢复场所活力,构建场所精神,从而探索工业废弃地改造的新思路。     

“和合”之学的历史蕴涵

"和合"是中国传统文化中的一个重要概念,与中国文化系统中其他基本概念纵横交错、互为渗透,在各个历史时期都属于主流意识形态,对中国社会的政治活动、法律制度、日常生活有着深刻影响,是处理各种社会关系的重要准则。     

基于对象导出三支概念格的形式背景粒约简方法

形式背景的属性约简是形式概念分析的重要研究方向。针对形式背景人们提出了多种属性约简标准并建立了属性约简方法。本文研究形式背景基于对象导出三支概念格的约简问题,通过刻画对象之间的区分属性提出了一种新的粒约简计算方法,该方法无需构造基于对象导出的三支概念格;并证明了基于三支概念格的形式背景粒约简与基于粗糙集理论的分类约简等价。     

历史与现实语境中的 90 后新诗

90后新诗生存在两大历史语境中,一是具有两千多年历史和辉煌业绩的古典诗歌,古典诗歌在文体的基本范式、演变历程和价值标准上成为新诗的重要参照;二是新诗初期发展历程,期间新诗的文化身份基本得到确认,在标准建立和创作等方面进行了有益的尝试。新诗的现实语境是建立在以竞争为基本手段的市场经济体制,以及在这个体制之上形成的具有竞争性质的文化生态环境。90后新诗的发展要顺应时代潮流,增强竞争意识、发展意识、满足市场的意识,在真善美统一的价值追求中延续中国诗歌传统。     

从认知的角度看反语

反语是汉语中一种特殊的修辞格,从图形-背景论的角度讲,上下文语境或辞面义是背景,辞里义是一种有标记的图形。反语的认知特点符合人们从已知事物到未知事物的认知规律,符合认知的经济性特点,它体现的是人类认知创新的新途径。     

导致英译汉误译的几种因素

英语文化知识和语法知识的欠缺,忽视汉语表达习惯、上下文语境,对词汇的理解和一词多义的把握等是导致英译汉误译的重要因素。联系上下文,正确把握词义,注重汉语的表达习惯是克服误译的关键。     

SMS和双向特征融合的自然背景柑橘黄龙病检测技术

柑橘黄龙病严重影响柑橘的产量和品质。在自然背景下,柑橘叶片之间存在相互遮挡以及尺寸变化大的问题,使得遮挡及小尺寸的黄龙病叶片容易漏检,而且由于黄龙病叶片的颜色、纹理特征与柑橘其他病害十分相似,容易存在误检的问题,导致现有的算法对自然背景柑橘黄龙病检测的精度不高。本研究提出了一种结合剪切混合拼接（Shearing mixed splicing,SMS）增广算法和双向特征融合的自然背景柑橘黄龙病检测方法,该方法通过SMS、镜像翻转和旋转方法对训练集和验证集进行了增广,增加了训练集和验证集图像中背景目标的数量和多样性;为了自适应地改变柑橘黄龙病检测中的局部采样点,增大有效感受野,使用可变形卷积替换骨干网络后3个卷积层中所有的标准卷积;为了减小自然背景的影响,使用全局上下文模块对骨干网络后3个卷积层输出的特征图进行特征增强,来建立有效的长距离依赖,以便更好的学习到全局上下文信息;使用双向融合特征金字塔,改善浅层特征和深层特征的信息交流路径,用以降低因柑橘黄龙病叶片尺寸变化大导致的漏检,提高小尺寸的柑橘黄龙病叶片的检测精度。实验结果表明,本研究提出的方法用于自然背景柑橘黄龙病的检测,平均精度可达84.8%,性能优于SSD、RetinaNet、YOLO v3、YOLO v5s、Faster RCNN、Cascade RCNN等目标检测方法。