Bovine brucellosis – a comprehensive review

Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease of great animal welfare and economic implications worldwide known since ancient times. The emergence of brucellosis in new areas as well as transmission of brucellosis from wild and domestic animals is of great significance in terms of new epidemiological dimensions. Brucellosis poses a major public health threat by the consumption of non-pasteurized milk and milk products produced by unhygienic dairy farms in endemic areas. Regular and meticulous surveillance is essentially required to determine the true picture of brucellosis especially in areas with continuous high prevalence. Additionally, international migration of humans, animals and trade of animal products has created a challenge for disease spread and diagnosis in non-endemic areas. Isolation and identification remain the gold standard test, which requires expertise. The advancement in diagnostic strategies coupled with screening of newly introduced animals is warranted to control the disease. Of note, the diagnostic value of miRNAs for appropriate detection of B. abortus infection has been shown. The most widely used vaccine strains to protect against Brucella infection and related abortions in cattle are strain 19 and RB51. Moreover, it is very important to note that no vaccine, which is highly protective, safe and effective is available either for bovines or human beings. Research results encourage the use of bacteriophage lysates in treatment of bovine brucellosis. One Health approach can aid in control of this disease, both in animals and man.     

Visualization and application of disease diagnosis codes for population health management using porcine diseases as a model

Accurate and timely results of diagnostic investigations and laboratory testing guide clinical interventions for the continuous improvement of animal health and welfare. Infectious diseases can severely limit the health, welfare, and productivity of populations of animals. Livestock veterinarians submit thousands of samples daily to veterinary diagnostic laboratories (VDLs) for disease diagnosis, pathogen monitoring, and surveillance. Individual diagnostic laboratory reports are immediately useful; however, aggregated historical laboratory data are increasingly valued by clinicians and decision-makers to identify changes in the health status of various animal populations over time and geographical space. The value of this historical information is enhanced by visualization of trends of agent detection, disease diagnosis, or both, which helps focus time and resources on the most significant pathogens and fosters more effective communication between livestock producers, veterinarians, and VDL professionals. Advances in data visualization tools allow quick, efficient, and often real-time scanning and analysis of databases to inform, guide, and modify animal health intervention algorithms. Value is derived at the farm, production system, or regional level. Visualization tools allow client-specific analyses, benchmarking, formulation of research questions, and monitoring the effects of disease management and precision farming practices. We present here the approach taken to visualize trends of disease occurrence using porcine disease diagnostic code data for the period 2010 to 2019. Our semi-automatic standardized creation of a visualization platform allowed the transformation of diagnostic report data into aggregated information to visualize and monitor disease diagnosis.     

奶牛子宫内膜炎发生的原因、症状及防治措施

引发奶牛子宫内膜炎的原因诸多,如环境卫生差、饲养营养管理不当以及其他疾病继发等。根据临床症状及时判断并确诊该病对遏制病情加重至关重要。根据发病情况对患病牛进行对症治疗,同时加强综合管理可以有效防治该病。本文就奶牛子宫内膜炎发生的原因、临床症状、诊断方法以及防治措施进行概述,以加强从业人员对此病的认识。     

牛病毒性腹泻及治疗

牛病毒性腹泻是由病毒性腹泻病毒感染引发的一种传染性疾病,临床上主要表现为急性型、慢性型和隐性感染,其中急性型和慢性型对牛的生长发育会造成巨大影响。为更好地控制该种疾病发生流行,该文主要分析牛病毒性腹泻的诊断和治疗。     

鸡传染性支气管炎诊断及综合防治

鸡传染性支气管炎是由传染性支气管炎病毒感染引发的一种急性呼吸道疾病,为防范鸡传染性支气管炎发生流行,需要养殖户掌握该种疾病的具体发病特点,并构建针对性的防控措施,降低发病率,保证养殖安全。该文主要分析鸡传染性支气管炎的诊断和综合防控。     

基层兽医在猪病治疗中存在问题及改进措施

细菌疾病诊断治疗是基层兽医工作的重要内容,更是防范传染性疾病发生流行,保障动物健康生长的关键环节。在进行疾病诊治中,一旦出现误诊或者治疗方法不当,药物使用不科学不仅会影响动物的身体健康,还会威胁畜禽动物的生命安全,造成养殖户直接经济损失。该文主要论述基层兽医在猪病诊疗中存在的问题进行论述,并提出改进措施。     

基于模糊专家系统的故障诊断方法研究

随着汽车发动机技术的发展,汽车的安全性、可靠性和操控性得到了极大的改善,使汽车的复杂程度越来越高。为此,开发了基于汽车发动机故障诊断专家系统,介绍了系统的基本结构及其开发方法,重点描述了模糊知识的表示、知识的管理以及推理机制的构成。经过多次使用证明,该专家系统具有非常高的使用价值。     

基于局域波分解的信号降噪算法

局域波分解可以把信号分解成多个内蕴模式分量的和，此分解过程等效于用自适应滤波器库对信号进行滤波，各模式分量的频率随着分解阶数的增大而降低，具有小波分解类似的特征。用局域波分解法对信号进行降噪处理，同时用互相关法和自相关法建立了噪声评判准则，得到了较好的降噪效果。     

声强直接测定法在发动机故障诊断中的应用

提出了一种基于虚拟仪器技术的声强直接测定方法。根据双传声器声强测试原理，将声强传感器采集的信号交由数据采集系统完成A／D转换，经过数字滤波，计算出实时声强（时域声强），取其时间平均得到有功声强（频域声强）。根据该方法测得的发动机时域声强信号提取二次矩、四次矩以及时间二次矩，提高了发动机不同工况的特征区分度，从而提高了故障诊断的准确性和有效性。通过声强标定仪的校准，以及对发动机声强的实际测量和诊断试验，证明该方法是准确有效的。     

小波包改进算法在柴油机振动分形诊断中的应用

分形法诊断柴油机故障时,实际测取的柴油机振动信号中存在着许多干扰信息,利用改进的小波包分解和重构算法对原始信号进行降噪处理,再选择合适的嵌入维数,计算出的关联维数即能够反映系统的真实特性.实例分析表明,该算法准确可靠,可极大提高利用信号关联维数判断柴油机运行状态的准确性和可靠性.