分布方式对不同穗型水稻群体生长发育动态的影响

辽粳326分蘖能力明显低于奥羽316,但其成穗率较高。分布方式之间分蘖数目上的差异仅在分蘖盛期有所体现,无序分布比有序分布多,但无序分布的成穗率较低;处理间总干物质重量在后三个时期差别较大,辽粳326比奥羽316大,无序分布比有序分布大,但在成熟期,差别不大;各处理间平均单穴绿色叶片重量无序分布与有序分布之间差别不大,从抽穗期开始辽粳326的叶片重量比奥羽316大;辽粳326的茎鞘重量从孕穗期开始一直比奥羽316大,无序分布与有序分布之间的茎鞘重量差别不大;在孕穗期奥羽316的单穗重比辽粳326大,在灌浆盛期与成熟期辽粳326明显比奥羽316大。无序分布略高于有序分布。     

浅谈建筑施工管理

在建筑施工中施工技术员是基层最直接的组织者、领导者和指挥者.施工技术员的工作方法将直接影响工程的质量、工期和成本.作者结合多年工作实践,论述了建筑施工管理的程序及重要性.     

稻穗姿态及其籼粳亚种间的差异

９３份样本的调查结果表明，用穗垂角和穗高与穗投影长度之比可以表示水稻在田间生长状态下蜡黄至成熟期这段时间穗的姿态，从表示穗姿态的两个参数分布来看，存在着籼粳两亚种间的差异籼〉籼并有中间类型存在，籼粳交Ｆ１植株穗姿态受粳稻亲本影响大。     

水稻稻瘟病抗性鉴定及其评价标准初探

为鉴定不同生态区水稻品种稻瘟病抗性情况,并寻求一种能快速评价稻瘟病发病指标标准,以72个水稻品种(品系)为抗性鉴定材料,采用塑料大棚人工喷雾和病株样本大棚自然诱发相结合的方法进行鉴定。在供试的72个水稻品种或品系中,抗病能力较强的水稻品种有17个,即叶瘟病情指数在0~2之间;其余品种或品系发病较重,叶瘟病情指数大于30,有的甚至全部死亡。苗期不发病的品种,到成熟期也有可能感穗颈瘟;普通型叶瘟发生的品种,移入大田后可逆转为不发病品种;急性型叶瘟发生的品种,到返青期死亡率达90%以上。苗瘟、叶瘟和穗颈瘟不存在显著的相关关系,急性型叶瘟可作为苗期鉴定水稻稻瘟病发生的评价指标标准。     

Bringing nature to work: Preferences and perceptions of constructed indoor and natural outdoor workspaces

From the mere presence of plants to window views of nearby nature, contact with nature in the workplace has been associated with increased productivity and creativity, as well as positive emotional and physical health outcomes. Nevertheless, if nature is to be incorporated within or near workplaces effectively, it is important that workers perceive natural spaces to be conducive, and not detrimental, to performance on activities that they may engage in at work or else these changes to the physical environment may not be fully embraced by workers. Thus, in the current research we examine workers’ preferences and perceptions of different natural and constructed (built) environments for different workplace activities. In Study 1, 64 knowledge workers were exposed to images of natural outdoor and constructed indoor workspaces. They selected where they thought they would best and least be able to perform different workplace activities. Natural outdoor spaces were overrepresented as the best spaces for around 75% of the workplace activities, and were underrepresented as the worst spaces across all workplace activities. In Study 2 (N = 33), wherein participants evaluated various spatial qualities of the natural outdoor and constructed indoor space types that were included in Study 1, the natural outdoor spaces were rated as more fascinating, relaxing, open, bright, and quiet. The results of this research project suggest that natural outdoor workspaces are viewed as highly flexible, multi-use spaces that are appropriate for diverse workplace activities. Furthermore, access to diverse workspace types with different spatial qualities appears to be highly valued.     

风景园林视野下库哈斯的城市公共空间设计思想解读

面对当代城市的不确定性、流动性和高密度性,库哈斯提出了一种适应现代大都市特征的理论——"拥塞的文化"。通过研究都市的大众文化需求,他将建筑与城市设计理论衍生至城市公共空间,从而达到将城市公共空间转化为"社会凝聚器"的战略目的,其设计思想在大都会建筑事务所(OMA)城市公共空间项目中不断发展,并对景观都市主义产生了重要影响。国内外现有关于库哈斯理论的研究主要集中在建筑领域,在其城市公共空间思想的研究上近乎空缺。从风景园林视野研究库哈斯的城市公共空间思想,通过梳理其生平经历、理论著作、实践作品,深入解读库哈斯的城市公共空间设计思想、策略及表征,为国内高密度城市风景园林建设提供一定跨界理论参考。     

寒地水稻有效穗率与产量的关系探讨

以牡响1号和牡丹江32为试验材料,通过改变水稻施氮量、插秧密度及插秧株数,探讨寒地粳稻有效穗率与产量的关系。结果表明,有效穗率与产量有显著或极显著正相关的趋势,究其原因发现,单位面积穗数随有效穗率的增加而增加,有效穗率与每穗实粒数有极显著的抛物线关系。为达到水稻最高产量不同品种有不同的栽培措施,对于牡响1号这种多穗型品种应通过提高施氮量来增加产量,而对于牡丹江32这种大穗、大粒型品种则应通过适当降低栽培密度和施肥量来达到高产。     

An archaeological and historical exploration of the origins of green roofs

The origin of green roof could be interpreted as old wine in new bottle and traced to antiquity. Archaeological and historical records and contemporary geographical-ecological assessments provide ample evidence to interpret the birth and progressive evolution of the cultural heritage. Studies in different places find early shelters using different natural materials. Humans living in harsh climates need particularly effective weather-proof enclosures to survive. The Arctic region with natural resource deprivation furnished the cradle for green roof initiation and refinement. The versatile and rather ubiquitous earth, widely used since Neolithic times to build dwellings, offered learning opportunities regarding properties and applications. The primitive flimsy conical shelters were sealed by earth daubing, permitting nature’s seed rain to establish a vegetative cover to form the spontaneous meadow roof as green roof precursor. Subsequent progression to the house form, separating walls from roofs, required innovations to enhance weather-proofing and durability. Cutting from natural meadows mat-like sods with soil bound by dense fibrous roots into portable strips for roofing was better than plastering. Tantamount to transferring the sod ecosystem en masse from nature to roof, it permitted instant vegetation establishment and bypassed the erosion-vulnerable bare-earth stage. The invention denoted birth of the intentional sod roof. The materials and construction methods of the traditional multiple-layered sod roof are explained with the help of preserved technology. Employing research findings, eighteen hypothesized ecosystem services of sod roofs are identified and explained vis-à-vis modern counterparts.