Analysis of genetic variability of aluminium tolerance response in triticale

Comparative analyses of genetic variability of aluminium tolerance response were made in a range of triticale genotypes of two sets, one consisting of six Australian cultivars (or lines), the other consisting of eight South African lines and an Australian check, by following solution culture and screening under controlled growth cabinet conditions. Results showed that Tahara, Tahara ‘S’ and Abacus were the most Al-tolerant triticales among the Australian genotypes in terms of root regrowth characteristics at 10 μg.g^-1 Al. The 19th ITSN 70-4, along with the standard cultivar Tahara was superior to all other South African genotypes; the eight South African genotypes spanned the range from Al-tolerant, moderately Al-tolerant to Al-sensitive. Regrown root length and percentage of seedlings with root regrowth were the two key indicators for screening and evaluating Al tolerance response. Considerable genetic variability of tolerance to Al stress among the two sets of tested genotypes was revealed by the estimates of genetic parameters. High heritability values were recorded for those two indicators, with associated high levels of relative genetic advance (RGA). Further improvement of varietal tolerance to Al stress in triticale could be anticipated through selection and breeding. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Comparative genetic mapping of loci affecting plant height and development in cereals

Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) mapping data for genes determining dwarfness (GA insensitive and GA sensitive), vernalisation response and photoperiodic response in wheat, rye and barley were compared and their homoeologous relationships discussed. The GA insensitive Rht genes of wheat are not related to the GA insensitive dwarfing genes of rye or barley; however, homoeology is present for two members of the GA sensitive dwarfing genes of wheat (Rht12) and rye (Ddw1), located on the translocated segments of the long arms of chromosomes 5A and 5R, respectively. The comparative mapping of the Triticeae group 5 vernalisation response genes of wheat, rye and barley, and the group 2 photoperiodic response genes of wheat and barley, show that both gene families are located in homoeologous regions of the particular chromosomes. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

干旱、外源ABA和不同pH溶液对玉米木质部汁液pH的影响

干旱胁迫和外源ABA处理玉米幼苗后 ,根、茎的木质部汁液pH升高 ,叶中木质部汁液 pH略有降低 ;不同 pH外源溶液处理也都不同程度改变了木质部汁液 pH ,其中以 pH值为 6的外源溶液处理后的效果最明显。     

TV1草菇主要生物学特性研究

对ＴＶ１草菇菌丝在不同培养基,不同温度,不同ｐＨ值上生长速度和生长势进行了比较与测定,同时对阳畦生料栽培ＴＶ１草菇内出菇时间,产量及子实体形态进行了观察与测定。结果表明ＴＶ１草菇菌丝生长的最适母种培养在与马铃薯综合培养基和棉籽皮综合培养基;菌丝在３４～３８℃条件下生长最好;菌丝生长的最适ｐＨ值为７～８。阳畦栽培结果发现ＴＶ１草菇在棉籽皮培养料上生长快,耐高温,每百千克干料可产鲜菇４０ｋｇ以上,子实     

H2O2参与大麦对白粉菌的防卫反应

抗病品种Ｓｕｌｔａｎ－５及其突变体与白粉菌小种Ａ６互作的细胞学研究表明,接种３６ｈ后,抗感品种中白粉菌分生孢子形成附着胞的频率及侵入频率无显著差异。抗病品种比感病品种过敏性反应细胞明显增多,过生反应与Ｍｌａ－１２基因型的大麦品种对白粉菌的小种专化抗性有关,用ＤＡＢ（地氨基联苯胺）观察到Ｈ２Ｏ２在乳突和过敏性反应细胞中积累。接各ｈ后在初生芽管的乳突以及接种１５ｈ后在附着胞下面的乳突有晕圈处有Ｈ２Ｏ２     

盐胁迫下胡杨的离子响应

分析土壤和植物组织中的各种离子关系,发现胡杨对盐分不是简单的抿吸机制;对根系环境中的ＮａＣｌ,胡杨吸收的钠离子显著少于不耐盐的杂种胡杨,而吸收的氯离子却大大超过后者,这与以往报道盐胁迫的胡杨根细胞中形成大量富含氯离子的小液泡是一致的,是一种特殊的区隔化构造,与杂种胡杨相比,胡杨有相对较发达的茎干组织,根和茎干占植株总生物量的比例较大,能吸收和储存有害盐离子而减少其进入叶组织,这是胡杨抗盐性的形态解     

木本植物抗盐性研究进展

抗盐的木本植物可分成两类：甜土植物和盐生植物,甜土植物往往靠拒吸盐分,而盐生植物则靠积累盐分来抵抗盐害,然而,关于二者的区分标准并不十分清楚,尽管木本植物对盐分的反应不完全一样,但大多数情况下,光合和生长反应是可以观察得到的,现已证明,与木本植物抗盐性有关的４种机理为：调节离子吸收,避免毒害,保持膜系统的完整性和离子区隔化,为了提高木本植物的抗盐性,常规的育种方法和生物技术均被采用。     

Safety of tomatillos and products containing tomatillos canned by the water-bath canning method

Three studies were conducted to evaluate the safety of tomatillos and products containing tomatillos canned by the water-bath processing method. In the first study, plain tomatillos were processed for 25, 37.5, 50 and 62.5 min. In the second study, five tomatillo/onion combinations were prepared while five tomatillo/green chile combinations were prepared in the third study. pH evaluations were conducted to determine safety in all studies using pH 4.2 as the cut-off value. No differences in the pH of plain tomatillos were detected due to processing time. All jars of plain tomatillos had pH values below 4.1. All combinations of tomatillos/onions and tomatillos/green chile containing more than 50% tomatillo had pH values below the 4.2 cut-off value. Results of the three studies indicate (1) acidification of plain tomatillos is probably unnecessary for canning by the water-bath processing method and (2) combinations of acidic tomatillos and low-acid onions or green chile must contain more than 50% tomatillos to have a pH low enough for safe water-bath processing.     

面包生产中面团温度、pH值的控制

面固温度的高低、pH值的大小对面包成品质量以及出品率有很大影响.     

小麦抗白粉病菌侵染乳突反应的超微结构与细胞化学(英文)

利用透射电镜对小麦白粉病菌与不同抗性寄主相互作用中乳突反应的超微结构进行了系统研究．结果表明,在超微结构上乳突反应是所有侵染位点的共有特征;线粒体、多聚核糖体、高尔基体及各种小囊泡参与了小麦乳突的形成;进入乳突沉积区的大量小囊泡首先形成一个个结构致密的小颗粒,然后堆积起来形成乳突的内部主体和核心,其外围是细胞器解体后沉积的一层染色淡而均匀的无定形物质．乳突沉积开始的早晚及其沉积速度和持续时间决定乳突最终的形态结构、大小及其抗性强弱．乳突抗性的决定因素是乳突沉积的早晚与速度,而不是最终沉积量．乳突抗性强的材料如ＫｈａｐｌｉｘＣｃ８总是在入侵栓进入前已形成较完整的半圆形乳突;而高感寄主如高加索的绝大部分乳突物质是在病菌入侵栓进入后沉积的,所形成的多是沿吸器颈部沉积的筒状无抗性乳突．病菌侵染时寄主细胞壁上过氧化物酶活性显著增强,但与乳突抗性无关