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51.
52.
Growth and carbon dynamics in mixed grass–red clover leys were simulated using a growth model for pure stands based on radiation use, allocation within plant and loss of biomass. The model and its parameter values were taken from previous applications of the model to pure swards of grass and red clover grown in the same experiment at the same sites and years. 相似文献
53.
The People's Victory Irrigation System which diverts water from the Yellow River of China covers a total irrigable area of 59 000 ha. The system encountered some serious problems in the first decade of its operation — salinity and waterlogging of irrigated land, siltation of irrigation and drainage channels, as well as a low efficiency of water use. This paper describes a series of structural and functional measures which have been adopted in the past 24 years for the rehabilitation of the system, including: improvement of the existing drainage system and construction of new drainage system on agricultural land, conjunctive use of surface and groundwater supplies, a comprehensive programme to reduce the levels of siltation as well as the implementation of improved water management practices. A model for the optimal operation of the system by using system analysis theory as an aid in reducing the operation and maintenance (O & M) costs has been developed in recent years. The results are that the soil salinity has been controlled and the agricultural production has increased whilst the efficiency of water use has improved and the siltation levels reduced. Experience gained on this system has been successfully used in developing and managing other irrigation projects along the lower reaches of the Yellow River. The proposed procedure of solving the said optimal model has also embodied some benefits from reducing O & M costs in operation. 相似文献
54.
While agricultural production statistics are reported on a geopolitical – often national – basis we often need to know the status of production or productivity within specific sub-regions, watersheds, or agroecological zones. Such re-aggregations are typically made using expert judgments or simple area-weighting rules. We describe a new, entropy-based approach to making spatially disaggregated assessments of the distribution of crop production. Using this approach, tabular crop production statistics are blended judiciously with an array of other secondary data to assess the production of specific crops within individual ‘pixels’ – typically 25–100 square kilometers in size. The information utilized includes crop production statistics, farming system characteristics, satellite-derived land cover data, biophysical crop suitability assessments, and population density. An application is presented in which Brazilian state level production statistics are used to generate pixel level crop production data for eight crops. To validate the spatial allocation we aggregated the pixel estimates to obtain synthetic estimates of municipality level production in Brazil, and compared those estimates with actual municipality statistics. The approach produced extremely promising results. We then examined the robustness of these results compared to short-cut approaches to allocating crop production statistics and showed that, while computationally intensive, the cross-entropy method does provide more reliable estimates of crop production patterns. 相似文献
55.
自压式树状管网的两级优化设计模型与神经优化设计 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
建立了自压式树状管网两级优化设计模型,并用人工神经网络法实现树状管网非线性规划模型的快速求解。采用的人工神经网络技术的两级优化设计模型在适用范围、求解速度和获得最优解能力上,均优于单一的非线性规划模型和线性规划模型,是实现树状管网全局优化设计的一条新途径。 相似文献
56.
介绍了基于损失模型的稳健设计的两个基本工具:信噪比和正交试验设计,讨论了设计的基本思想和步骤。建立合理的数学模型,对电磁制动器结构参数进行了稳健优化设计。并将结果与传统优化结果进行了比较、分析和讨论,结果表明,稳健设计后的电磁制动器的性能得到了较大的改善和提高。 相似文献
57.
58.
周振民 《中国农村水利水电》1992,(6)
该文以系统工程的原理方法,结合山东省陈垓引黄灌区北二干渠系统实际情况,分别以灌溉净效益最大和轮灌时间最短为目标,建立了作物最优种植面积和渠系优化配水模型,应用计算机求解,取得了满意的作物优化布局和优化配水成果。实践证明,本项成果在节水、灌溉增产、提高灌区科学管理水平等方面都有着十分重要的作用。 相似文献
59.
王根绪 《中国农村水利水电》1996,(7):15-18
依据内陆河流域不同区域在水资源条件、气候条件、经济发展水平及水资源利用途径等方面的差异性,以及时序上水资源的利用规律,提出了旨在合理利用水资源,改善生态环境的水资源优化分配方法。通过在黑河流域的实例应用,论证了该方法的有效性。 相似文献
60.
东深供水改造工程全线供水调度与管理自动化 总被引:4,自引:3,他引:4
曾庚运 《中国农村水利水电》2003,(9):1-5
结合东深供水改造工程全线供水系统的水力特性、供水系统的分散性及优化调度的经济性,提出供水系统的调度和管理模式确保实现全线自动调度方式,力争实现全线优化调度方式;并对主要技术措施、技术手段作了详细介绍:全线供水自动化主要有站间安全闭锁、站间流量平衡、全线供水自动控制、全线供水优化调度等功能。 相似文献