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991.
Quantitative field measurements of biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) and biomass production by four different understorey pastures in a Pinus radiata-pasture agroforestry system were determined over a period of one year. The trees were two years old at the beginning of this study and the understorey pastures were being cut and removed for silage. The BNF was determined using the 15N dilution technique. Pastures of ryegrass+clover, cocksfoot+clover, phalaris+clover and lucerne were used. Substantial amounts of BNF were found (71 to 230 kg N ha–1 year–1) with lucerne showing the highest N fixation. However, lucerne derived only 71 to 72% of its N from the atmosphere (%Ndfa) during the spring/summer period compared to 83–97% with clovers, thus the net N demand from the soil was substantially higher with lucerne. This caused increased N stress to the trees. Clover in ryegrass+clover pasture fixed more N than the other grass+clover pastures. Although pasture position in relation to trees did not affect annual pasture total DMY and %Ndfa, pastures north of tree row grew better than those in other positions. Trees significantly affected the BNF of legumes and the botanical composition of pastures with highest BNF and legume production occurring in pastures midway between two rows of trees. These results suggest that it would be advantageous to evaluate different legumes and grasses for tolerance of shade and moisture stress in future studies. As the trees studied were only 1.5 to 3 m in height, their effects on BNF, seasonal pasture biomass production and botanical composition are expected to increase with tree dominance in the ecosystem with time. Amounts of N fixed were related to the productivity (i.e. dry matter and N yield) and seasonal persistence of the legumes. The productivity was high in spring and summer and low in autumn and winter. 相似文献
992.
This study of the pruning of néré (Parking biglobosa) trees in central Burkina Faso included detailed surveys of 83 trees and their owners in 21 villages. Pruning is not widespread, but appears to be a practice with various motives and techniques. The motives are mainly aimed at deliberate management of the trees, in order to enhance their fruit production, and are rarely aimed at reducing tree impact on crop productivity. The characteristics of tree pruning techniques (e.g., frequency, intensity and seasonality) and their corresponding motives appear to change as an adaptation to land degradation processes and the deterioration of tree condition. The results demonstrate that indigenous silvicultural management techniques contribute to a sustainable use of tree resources.
Résumé Cette étude sur la taille du néré (Parkia biglobosa) a été faite par des observations détaillées de 80 nérés et les entretiens avec leurs propriétaires dans 21 villages au Plateau Central du Burkina Faso. La taille du néré n'est pas générale, mais révèle diverses motivations et techniques. La plupart des motivations est orientée vers une gestion consciente de l'arbre en vue d'une amélioration de la production furitière, et rerament en vue d'une reduction de l'influence de l'arbre sur les cultures. Les caracteristiques des techniques de taille (fréquence, intensité, période de taille) et les motivations impliquées paraissent s'adapter à la dégradation de l'environnement et al détérioration de la viabilité des arbres. Les résultats montrent la durabilité des pratiques concernant la gestion des arbres.相似文献
993.
An experiment was conducted in southern Chile to study the effect of tree cover (0 or 200 stems of 13-year-old Pinus radiate/ha), grazing severity (8 or 12 cm height at commencement of grazing by sheep) and fertilizer application rate (low or high)
on the establishment and growth of Lotus uliginosus and Trifolium subterraneum, when sown in conjunction with Festuca arundinacea. The establishment of both legumes was greater in the agroforestry than the open field, and the percentage of viable seeds
that were established was greater for Trifolium than Lotus. Festuca established better when sown in conjunction with Lotus in the open field. During the two years after stand establishment there was a greater reduction in the ground cover and dry
matter (DM) yield of both legumes, but in particular Trifolium, in the agroforestry than in the open field. In the second year of grazing Trifolium contributed less than 9% of total DM yield in the agroforestry, compared with 22% for Lotus. The ground cover of Lotus was increased by a tall grazing height in the agroforestry, whereas Trifolium increased its cover when the grazing height was short. Additional fertilizer at establishment had a greater effect in increasing
herbage yield in the open field than in agroforestry. It is concluded that both Lotus and Trifolium establishments are greater in agroforestry than in an open field, but that in agroforestry there is a reduction in legume
yield over time, particularly of Trifolium.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
994.
森林经营与可持续发展战略的探讨 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
森林对改善生态环境、维护生态平衡、保护人类生存和发展起着决定性作用。国有重点林区担负着生态、社会、经济多种功能。由于国有林区长期依赖林木采伐的思想,使人们的经营理念受到限制,制定林区长期发展规划和发展战略将成为我省森工林区加强生态建设和森林资源林政管理系统建设中长期发展目标的指导性文件。 相似文献
995.
阐述国有林场木材产、销、存计算机辅助管理系统的设计目标、运行环境、运行特点、数据流程图及系统功能。运用该系统可进行进出仓材积、价格、金额计算 ,各种报表生成和打印 ,完全避免木材生产销售中的计算差错和损失 ,从而提高林场的经营管理水平 ,也便于快速获取各种数据 ,为经营决策提供科学依据。 相似文献
997.
拉市海高原湿地生态系统及其保护措施 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:5
位于云南丽江的拉市海高原湿地省级自然保护区,是一个较为完整的湖泊生态系统,根据《中国湿地植被》的分类原则,将湿地植被划分为2个植被型组、4个植被型、11个群系。该湿地具有丰富的生物多样性等重要的保护价值。并提出了保护措施。 相似文献
998.
针对中、小型家具厂设计了一套生产管理信息系统,包括生产情报、工艺标准和内部记录3个输入子系统和生产计划、生产控制、产品质量控制和库存4个输出子系统.本文基于对各系统的分析,阐述了生产管理信息系统的设计思路和内容. 相似文献
999.
论述了沾益县天然林保护管理地理信息系统建设的必要性及重要作用,并对该系统建设的软、硬件环境及系统架构、数据传递及更新等方案作了探讨。 相似文献
1000.