矿井通风变频自动控制方法研究

现有矿井风机的工频供电控制方式已不能满足目前矿井现代化生产的需求。通过研究矿井风机传统控制方式,设计了矿井通风变频自动控制系统。该系统采用变频器对风机进行变频调速,以达到对风压和风量的自动控制;通过检测风机轴承和电动机温度,由中央控制单元自动切换备用风机,提高了矿井生产的安全性和可靠性。     

不同植物对煤矿废弃地土壤重金属富集转化规律

于2008~2009年采取吉林省九台营城煤矿废弃地的复垦土和矸石土作为种植土壤,分别于试验小区内种植黄花草木樨(Melilotus officinalis Lam.)和紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.),研究植物不同营养器官对煤矿废弃地土壤重金属的富集转化规律。结果表明,两种植物对不同土壤重金属的富集能力不同。复垦土种植条件下,黄花草木樨的叶和茎、紫花苜蓿的根和叶对Zn、Cd、Ni和Cu富集能力较强;矸石土种植条件下,黄花草木樨的叶对Ni、Cd及Cu的富集能力较强,根对Zn的富集能力较强,紫花苜蓿的叶对4种重金属的富集能力均较强,且茎对Cu和Ni、根对Zn也存在一定的富集能力。     

改良剂对铅锌尾矿砂重金属形态的影响

采用改良剂(有机肥、泥炭、土壤)与铅锌尾矿砂混合的试验方法,通过改进BCR法连续提取As、Zn、Pb、Cu的化学形态,评价改良剂对尾矿砂中As、Zn、Pb和Cu的移动性和生物有效性的影响,降低铅锌尾矿砂的重金属污染风险.结果表明,尾矿砂中As、Zn、Pb和Cu总量高,分别为255.44、9 445.67、1 296.02和61.93 mg/kg,重金属主要以残渣态＞可氧化态＞可还原态＞弱酸提取态的形式存在.改良剂与铅锌尾矿砂混合后,As、Zn、Pb、Cu的总量、弱酸提取态所占比例得到降低,其中有机肥和泥炭能显著提升重金属的可氧化态所占比例,使重金属稳定性得到增加,达到降低重金属危害的目的.     

粉煤灰基吸附剂吸附亚甲基蓝及再生性能研究

研究粉煤灰基吸附剂及微波辐照再生后吸附剂对亚甲基蓝的吸附行为,确定了粉煤灰基吸附剂达到吸附平衡的时间及吸附过程符合的等温吸附模型。试验结果表明,1 h后粉煤灰基吸附剂吸附基本达到平衡,吸附过程更符合Freundlich等温吸附模型,最大平衡吸附量为35.64 mg/g。对吸附饱和亚甲基蓝粉煤灰基吸附剂进行微波辐照再生研究,最佳的再生条件为微波功率700 W,再生时间2 min,粉煤灰基吸附剂再生效率为98.6%。     

煤炭资源供需形势与战略储备分析研究——以山西晋城市为例

受资源结构与技术水平等多重因素的制约,煤炭资源在我国的能源供需形势中占主导地位。对山西省晋城市的煤炭储量现状和煤炭资源静态保证年限、煤炭资源需求以及煤炭供需平衡进行了分析,提出了晋城市煤炭战略储备的必要性,针对我国战略储备中存在的问题,提供了一些对策和建议。     

Changes in Cd,Cu, Ni,Pb and Zn Fractionation and Liberation Due to Mussel Shell Amendment on a Mine Soil

Mining activities are related to relevant environmental pollution issues that should be controlled. We used sequential extractions to fractionate Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn retained on unamended or mussel shell‐amended mine soil samples, all of them treated with a mixture of the five heavy metals (total metal concentration of 1·57 mmol L⁻¹), after 1, 7 and 30 days of incubation. In addition, we used the stirred flow chamber technique to study the release of each of the five heavy metals from these different unamended and shell‐amended soil samples. The results indicate that the shell amendment caused a decrease in the most soluble fraction, while increasing the most recalcitrant (least mobile) fraction. With equivalent implications, the stirred flow chamber experiments showed that mussel shell amendment was associated to a decrease in heavy metal release and increased retention. The highest mussel shell dose and incubation time caused the most relevant changes in pH values and thus in metal retention, also indicating the importance of pH modifications in the mechanism of retention acting in the amended samples. In view of these results, the use of mussel shell amendment can be encouraged to increase heavy metal retention in acid mine soils, in order to minimise risks of environmental pollution. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Terrestrial Arthropods in the Initial Restoration Stages of Anthracite Coal Mine Spoil Heaps in Northwestern Spain: Potential Usefulness of Higher Taxa as Restoration Indicators

An “edaphic‐landscape” restoration was performed in two anthracite coal mine spoil heaps located in NW Spain as a demonstration and pilot program for the restoration of coal mine spoils. Terrestrial arthropods were used to monitor the process as an alternative to the use of secondary succession of plants or physico‐chemical indicators of soils. This study analyzes the usefulness of the terrestrial arthropods at different taxonomic levels (orders of Arthropoda, families of Coleoptera, and species of Carabidae) as restoration indicators in the initial restoration stages. The terrestrial arthropods respond rapidly to restoration, and the results may be explained by short‐term increase in abiotic factors resulting from the applied techniques, mainly the animal origin of the organic matter added and the biodegradable coconut geotextile. Carabidae is of relatively low value as a short‐term restoration indicator at a specific level. Coleoptera provided the best information for interpreting the ecological results over the short term and had the best relationship with the cost of identification. Likewise, the results showed that the edaphic‐landscape restoration leads to an abnormal arthropod assemblage in the short term because of an excessive abundance of isopods and polydesmids. No clear convergence appeared toward any of the terrestrial arthropod communities present in the grassland, scrubland, or woodland semi‐natural areas, which were used as reference end point. The restoration indicator value produced by the higher taxonomic levels of the studied terrestrial arthropods may be useful and cost‐effective for assessing short‐term changes caused by environmental restorations performed to recover ecosystems affected by mining activities. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The Ultrafine Physical Structure Characteristics of Coal

The amorphous structure characteristics of coal and their variation regularity are discussed.The pore structure features and models of coal have been reviewed in detail.     

THE "EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE RELATION BETWEEN THE MAGROMOLECIJLAR STRUCTURE OF COAL AND ITS RANK

In this paper, by Using Traube's Law, we presented a method with which the macromolecular structure of coal can be studied through the relation between the true density of coal and its chemical constitution Then we researched the law of the variation of the macromolecular struclure of coal with its. rank. At the same time, we discuss the rank of coal which is classified in the constitution and macromolecular structure of coal     

两种测定风化煤与土壤腐殖酸含量方法的比较

选择GB11957-2001中的容量法和土壤腐殖质组成测定法，比较二者对风化煤、耕层土壤（石灰性褐土）、矿区土壤（栗钙土）腐殖酸含量的测定结果，及其实验过程、样品用量的不同，并对土壤腐殖质组成测定法中重铬酸钾溶液浓度进行比较选择。结果表明，GB11957-2001中的容量法对风化煤、耕层土壤（石灰性褐土）腐殖酸含量测定结果约为土壤腐殖质组成测定法的4倍，但对于腐殖酸含量较低的矿区土壤（栗钙土），两种方法测定结果相同。相对而言，GB11957-2001中的容量法在实验过程中更易达到实验要求，具有易操作性。通过实验，提出了风化煤、土壤样品分别在两种实验方法中的合理用量，和土壤腐殖质组成测定法中重铬酸钾的合理浓度为0.4000 mol/L。