不同温度对红鳍东方(鱼屯)仔、稚、幼鱼形态发育和生长的影响

通过对三个不同水温的红鳍东方纯育苗池的仔、稚、幼鱼的连续取样观察,分析比较在不同的培育水温对红鳍东方(鱼屯)的形态发育和生长的影响。通过试验分析表明,在红鳍东方纯适宜的温度范围内的增温对红鳍东方(鱼屯)稚、幼鱼的影响效果明显,且不会降低成活率,从而可缩短育苗时间,降低成本,减少风险。     

Observations on growth, sexual maturity and spawning performance of pond-reared Penaeus merguiensis

This 12‐month preliminary study investigated the development of sexual characters, primary sexual maturity, ovarian maturity and spawning performance of pond‐reared Penaeus merguiensis in relation to culture conditions in south‐east Queensland, Australia. Post‐larvae of P. merguiensis were produced and cultured in two 60‐m³ tanks during the first 14 weeks. Before winter, they were harvested and stocked in three different overwintering facilities: a 200‐m² covered pond, two 60‐m³ outdoor tanks and a 15‐m³ indoor, recirculated tank at a stocking density of 10 individuals m^?2. The development of sexual characters was found to be similar to that reported previously in wild P. merguiensis. Males matured at younger ages and smaller sizes than females. Overall, the average size at primary sexual maturity of pond‐reared P. merguiensis was 23.1 mm carapace length for males (possessed spermatophores) and 29.3 mm for females (being impregnated). Water temperature and the availability of natural food strongly influenced prawn growth, maturity rate and their subsequent spawning performance. Growth, maturity rate and spawning performance of prawns in the covered pond were significantly higher than in the other overwintering facilities. Prawns started mating at 6–7 months, reached full ovarian maturation and spawned as early as about 8 (peaked at 9–11) months from hatching, producing high fecundity and viable larvae. There was a strong relationship (P < 0.001) between prawn size and fecundity. The results of this study suggest a potential for using pond‐reared broodstock P. merguiensis for hatchery production and for domestication or selective breeding programmes.     

What are the prospects for black bream Acanthopagrus butcheri (Munro) aquaculture in salt‐affected inland Australia?

Black bream are a highly regarded sport and table fish, and there has been considerable interest in their aquaculture potential for the salt‐affected agricultural regions of inland southern Australia. In many ways they are an ideal candidate species for inland saline aquaculture because they appear to be very hardy, hatchery techniques are well established for them, and high survival rates have been maintained under a variety of culture conditions and feeding regimes. However, their slow growth rate needs to be increased by at least 33% for black bream to become an economically viable aquaculture species. Growth is amenable to genetic improvement, and sub‐adult growth rate shows moderate heritability and no adverse genetic correlations with other production traits. Nevertheless fillet yield is comparatively low, and in conjunction with unpredictable and early sexual development in culture, industry‐scale meat production remains problematic. These obstacles, however, do not preclude the use of black bream as a recreational fish species for inland saline waters, where their stocking may provide an additional source of rural income and relieve fishing pressure on depleted estuarine populations.     

千岛湖茶区红茶生产发展的实践与思考

本文通过对淳安千岛湖茶区红茶生产现状的分析及红茶生产工作中的实践,提出了下一步调整茶类产品结构,实施“绿＋红”战略,利用鸠坑种资源优势,进一步推进名优绿茶、红茶共同发展,实现千岛湖茶区茶产业的第二次飞跃.     

Temperature variations during grain filling obtained in growth tunnel experiments and its influence on protein content,polymer build-up and gluten viscoelastic properties in wheat

The aim of this study was to investigate effects of temperature during grain filling on gluten quality characteristics at a lower to moderate temperature range. Experiments with two wheat varieties grown in field covered by polypropylene tunnels during grain filling were performed in two seasons. Mean day temperature differences achieved within the tunnel were approximately 2–2.5 °C from the open to the closed end. There were significant effects of temperature on grain maturity time, thousand grain weight and protein content. The resistance to stretching of the gluten doughs increased with the increasing day temperatures. This was reflected in the proportion of unextractable polymeric proteins (UPP). The results suggest that increases in temperature within this temperature range affect the polymerization of polymeric proteins, giving higher molecular weights, and hence increased Rmax and stronger gluten. The two varieties differed in their response to temperature. In addition, there were seasonal variations in gluten functionality that may be associated with fluctuations in day temperatures between the seasons.     

发展中国椰子科技国际合作交流的探析

介绍加强椰子科技国际合作交流的背景及中国椰子科技国际合作概况,分析中国椰子产业缺乏具有国际竞争和科技含量高的椰子深加工产品,缺乏高层次椰子科技国际合作交流的人才,缺乏与国外科研机构合作开发较大的椰子产业的科研项目等我国椰子科技国际合作存在的问题,针对以上问题对中国椰子科技国际合作交流的进一步发展提出了建议。     

粤西地区甘蔗、香蕉产业发展现状调研分析

简要分析粤西地区甘蔗和香蕉产业发展现状和存在问题,针对存在问题及其今后的发展重点,提出粤西地区甘蔗、香蕉产业发展重点及对策,以促进粤西地区甘蔗和香蕉产业稳健发展。     

稻草覆盖还田量对郴州烟田土壤温度及烤烟生长发育的影响

为进一步推广烟田稻草覆盖还田技术,2012年在湖南郴州进行大田试验,研究了不同稻草覆盖还田量对烟田土壤温度与烤烟生长发育及产量的影响。结果表明：稻草覆盖影响土壤温度,6月中旬以前表现为“降温”效应,之后表现为“调温”效应;稻草覆盖可使烤烟成熟期推迟1～2 d,可改善烟株的农艺性状,稻草还田量为4000 kg／hm^2表现最好;稻草覆盖可使烟株旺长期后干物质积累量增加,对提高中上部叶的单叶重、叶长与叶宽有一定作用;稻草覆盖对烤烟单叶重、上中等烟比例和均价无明显影响,但有一定增产增效作用,以还田量4000 kg／hm^2效果最好。     

浅析我国种子产业发展概况

该文将从种子产业的规模、行业集中度、科研现状、产品结构和经营模式、推广和流通服务等方面对我国种子产业发展概况进行分析,旨在为种子产业发展提供借鉴。     

不同肥料运筹对稻田套播油菜生长发育及产量的影响

为给稻田套播油菜高产高效栽培提供配套简化配方施肥技术,于2012～2014年在江西进行大田试验,以常规施肥为对照,采用配方施肥、控氮配方施肥处理,研究不同施肥技术对稻田套播油菜生长发育、主要经济性状、产量及其构成因素的影响。结果表明：配方施肥和控氮配方施肥对套播油菜个体生长、经济性状、产量及构成、经济效应有较大影响,各方面指标普遍优于传统农民习惯施肥。从实际出发,配方施肥技术可在套播油菜中推广应用。