Replacing fish oil and astaxanthin by microalgal sources produced different metabolic responses in juvenile rainbow trout fed 2 types of practical diets

Dietary fish oil supplementation provides n-3 long-chained polyunsaturated fatty acids for supporting fish growth and metabolism and enriching fillet with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; c22:6n-3). Two experiments were performed as a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement of dietary treatments for 16 wk to determine effects and mechanisms of replacing 0%, 50%, and 100% fish oil with DHA-rich microalgae in combination with synthetic vs. microalgal source of astaxanthin in plant protein meal (PM)- or fishmeal (FM)- based diets for juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Fish (22 ± 0.26 g) were stocked at 17/tank and 3 tanks/diet. The 100% fish oil replacement impaired (P < 0.0001) growth performance, dietary protein and energy utilization, body indices, and tissue accumulation of DHA and EPA in both diet series. The impairments were associated (P < 0.05) with upregulation of hepatic gene expression related to growth (ghr1and igf1) and biosynthesis of DHA and EPA (fads6 and evol5) that was more dramatic in the FM than PM diet-fed fish, and more pronounced on tissue EPA than DHA concentrations. The source of astaxanthin exerted interaction effects with the fish oil replacement on several measures including muscle total cholesterol concentrations. In conclusion, replacing fish oil by the DHA-rich microalgae produced more negative metabolic responses than the substitution of synthetic astaxanthin by the microalgal source in juvenile rainbow trout fed 2 types of practical diets.     

利用白僵菌防治松褐天牛的试验研究

通过生物测定筛选出对松褐天牛毒力较高的菌株Bb202,用该菌株生产白僵菌无纺布菌条和高孢粉用于野外防治松褐天牛,结果表明,防治后松褐天牛的虫株率下降了0.9%,下降幅度达31.1%;无纺布菌条处理区解剖木中的幼虫死亡率为61.8%,高孢粉处理区为52.5%,对照区为45.6%.挂笼试验中,无纺布菌条处理区解剖木的幼虫死亡率为41.9%,高孢粉处理区为62.0%,对照区为32.3%,说明用白僵菌防治松褐天牛有一定的效果.     

太湖银鱼和主要鱼类渔获量间的相关分析

根据太湖1973-2002年连续30年的鱼类渔获量统计资料,研究了太湖银鱼和主要鱼类渔获量间的相关关系.并根据2004-2005年的食性调查初步结果对相互关系的机制进行了分析.简单相关分析表明,太湖银鱼和鲌鱼、鲢鳙鱼渔获量间的正相关关系均达到极显著水平;偏相关分析表明,太湖银鱼和鲌鱼渔获量间的正相关关系达到极显著水平,和其它鱼类渔获量间的正相关关系达到显著水平,和鲢鳙鱼渔获量间的正相关关系虽然没有达到显著水平,但有一致趋势;简单相关和偏相关分析均表明,太湖银鱼和和鲚鱼渔获量间的相关关系均没有达到显著水平.分析认为:太湖银鱼渔获量的变化除受捕捞强度及环境理化等因素影响外,鲌鱼通过捕食调节,可能降低了鲚鱼和银鱼的食物竞争强度,从而有利银鱼增加;鲢、鳙鱼通过和鲚鱼的食物竞争,从而间接促进了银鱼种群数量发展.     

多功能燃气具室外安装箱的设计与应用

针对目前燃气具室内安装存在的问题,开展了多功能燃气具室外安装箱的设计研究。以"建筑与设备互动"和"危险设施与建筑主体隔离"为设计思想,对多功能燃气具室外安装箱进行了具体设计,包括燃气具安装燃烧室、废气排放通道、进气道3部分。     

Epitheliocystis in fish

Epitheliocystis is a condition affecting the gills and skin of fish, which has been reported from more than 50 freshwater and marine species. It is caused by intracellular Gram-negative bacteria. Mortalities have been associated with epitheliocystis infections in cultured fish. This review provides an update of our current understanding of this condition, including characterization of the pathogen using immunohistochemical and molecular studies. In most fish species the epitheliocystis agent was negative to an antibody specific for chlamydial genus-specific lipopolysaccharide antigen. Recently, four epitheliocystis agents from four different fish species have been characterized using molecular analysis. While they all belong to the order Chlamydiales, in a lineage separate from the Chlamydiaceae, they are distinct organisms and similarity analysis showed that they had highest similarity values with other chlamydia-like bacteria isolated from various sources, including humans or pig. This confirms the high diversity and host specificity of the pathogen. Further molecular analysis should result in an increased understanding of this condition. To date the pathogen has not been cultured, making experimental studies difficult. High stocking densities, presence of nutrients, season, temperature and fish age have been identified as potential risk factors for the manifestation of this condition.     

网箱养殖黄颡鱼技术

从水体选择、网箱设置、鱼种放养、饲料投喂、日常管理、疾病防治等方面,扼要介绍了黄颡鱼的水库网箱养殖技术和池塘网箱养殖技术。     

Cytochrome oxidase gene sequencing reveals channel catfish ovary cell line is contaminated with brown bullhead cells

The channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus, Rafinesque) ovary (CCO) cell line is the standard cell line used for channel catfish diagnostics. Next‐gen sequencing studies of a virus cultured in the CCO cells revealed mitochondrial sequences matching those of brown bullhead (Ameiurus nebulosus, Lesueur). Therefore, we systematically performed partial cytochrome oxidase 1 gene sequencing of several sources of the CCO cell line and all matched the brown bullhead and not the channel catfish.     

病毒感染过程中青鳉irf2基因过表达的双面性

为了探究干扰素调节因子2 (interferon regulatory factor,IRF2)如何通过调控干扰素(IFN)表达影响鱼类的免疫,实验从青鳉中克隆了irf2 (Olirf2),发现该基因在青鳉各个组织中均有表达;将构建的真核表达载体pTol2/CMV-IRF2/IE1-pr转染到胖头鱥肌肉细胞系(FHM)后,发现瞬时过表达Olirf2能够显著促进鲤春病毒血症病毒(spring viremia of carp virus,SVCV)的复制,并抑制抗病毒相关基因mx1、ifn和irf3的表达。进一步通过双荧光素报告系统发现,Olirf2能够显著抑制NF-κB和ISRE的活性,说明Olirf2可能通过抑制细胞的天然免疫应答进而促进病毒的增殖。然而持续过表达Olirf2则增强了细胞的抗病毒能力,同时促进干扰素相关基因mx1、ifn和irf3的表达。因此,Olirf2基于表达的持续时间不同而具有抗病毒或者促病毒的双面效果。实验通过研究Olirf2在抗病毒信号通路中发挥的作用,为通过基因编辑或者转基因手段来构建抗病毒的鱼类提供了理论基础。     

不同种类酵母抽提物对调理乌鳢鱼片风味及品质的影响

为探究添加不同种类酵母抽提物对生鲜鱼片风味及质构的影响,实验以调理乌鳢鱼片为原料,通过同时蒸馏萃取法(SDE)提取挥发性成分,利用GC-MS联合电子鼻、电子舌对6组调理乌鳢鱼片(空白对照CK组、FA02组、KU012组、FG10组、FA39组和F55组)进行风味成分分析,再结合感官、色度和质构进一步评价了6组调理乌鳢鱼片的品质。结果显示,CK组检测出42种挥发性物质,而添加5种酵母抽提物后(FA02、KU012、FG10、FA39、F55),挥发性物质的种类显著增多,分别为60、66、56、52、46种。鱼片中主要特征挥发性物质为醛类,如庚醛、癸醛以及(E, E)-2, 4-癸二烯醛等;添加不同种类酵母抽提物后,各组鱼片挥发性物质增加了(E)-4-癸烯醛、2-壬酮和3-壬烯-2-酮等。其中KU012组挥发性物质种类及含量增加最多,如具有清新气味的(E)-2-戊烯醛、黄瓜味的(E, Z)-2, 6-壬二烯醛以及提高整体风味的(Z)-2-(2-戊烯基)呋喃。电子鼻和电子舌的测定结果显示,各酵母抽提物组与CK组在气味、滋味方面存在显著差异。相对于CK组,添加酵母抽提物调理的乌鳢鱼片色泽呈浅黄,质构略有降低,但感官评分有所升高。研究表明,不同种类酵母抽提物均能一定程度改善调理乌鳢鱼片的风味、质构及感官品质,其中KU012组综合表现最佳。本研究为酵母抽提物在水产品中的调味应用提供了参考,具有实践价值。