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91.
泌乳后期奶牛干物质及部分营养需要研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
选择15头中国荷斯坦奶牛,随机分成三组,研究河北农区泌乳后期奶牛干物质及部分营养需求模型。结果表明:泌乳后期奶牛干物质采食量DM(kg)=0.0685W0.75+0.45(0.4×M+15×fat);所需产奶净能NE(LkJ)=376.45W0.75+3138×(0.4×M+15×fat)+ΔW×25100;可消化蛋白质DCP(g)=3.44W0.75+M×CP%/0.6+ΔW×325;各项指标略高于中国奶牛饲养标准(NY/T34-2004)。 相似文献
92.
Ecological impacts of small hydropower plants on headwater stream fish: from individual to community effects 下载免费PDF全文
Lluís Benejam Sandra Saura‐Mas Mònica Bardina Carolina Solà Antoni Munné Emili García‐Berthou 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2016,25(2):295-306
Hydroelectricity is increasingly used worldwide as a source of renewable energy, and many mountain ranges have dozens or hundreds of hydropower plants, with many more being under construction or planned. Although the ecological impacts of large dams are relatively well known, the effects of small hydropower plants and their weirs have been much less investigated. We studied the effects of water diversion of small hydropower plants on fish assemblages in the upper Ter river basin (Catalonia, NE Spain), which has headwater reaches with good water quality and no large dams but many of such plants. We studied fish populations and habitat features on control and impacted reaches for water diversion of 16 hydropower plants. In the impacted reaches, there was a significantly lower presence of refuges for fish, poorer habitat quality, more pools and less riffles and macrophytes, and shallower water levels. We also observed higher fish abundance, larger mean fish size and better fish condition in the control than in impacted reaches, although the results were species‐specific. Accordingly, species composition was also affected, with lower relative abundance of brown trout (Salmo trutta) and Pyrenean minnow (Phoxinus bigerri) in the impacted reaches and higher presence of stone loach (Barbatula quignardi) and Mediterranean barbel (Barbus meridionalis). Our study highlights the effects of water diversion of small hydropower plants from the individual to the population and community levels but probably underestimates them, urging for further assessment and mitigation of these ecological impacts. 相似文献
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Joseph H. Anderson George R. Pess Peter M. Kiffney Todd R. Bennett Paul L. Faulds William I. Atlas Thomas P. Quinn 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2013,22(1):30-42
Anadromous fishes are frequently restricted by artificial barriers to movement such as dams and culverts, so measuring dispersal helps identify sites where improved connectivity could promote range expansion and population viability. We used a combination of DNA‐based parentage analysis and mark–recapture techniques to evaluate dispersal by juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) in a population in the initial stages of colonisation following installation of fish passage structures at a previously impassable dam on the Cedar River, WA, USA. The spatial distribution of individuals within maternal families revealed that dispersal was common. Among the offspring of radio‐tagged mothers, 28% were collected outside the spawning reach and dispersed up to 6.3 km (median = 1.5 km). Most juveniles captured in a tributary (Rock Creek, where few adults spawned) had immigrated from the Cedar River and represented many different families. Juvenile dispersal therefore provided a secondary phase of spatial expansion following initial colonisation by adults. Consistent with the condition‐dependent dispersal hypothesis, juveniles that dispersed farther upstream in the tributary were larger than fish collected near the tributary mouth. Overall, the results demonstrated widespread dispersal in a system with low coho salmon densities, and this might increase the rate of population growth if it reduces the effects of local density dependence. By implication, juveniles can take advantage of rearing habitats reconnected through barrier removal, even when such areas are located several kilometres from adult breeding grounds. 相似文献
95.
Abstract Rainfall variability is a major determinant of system dynamics and profitability of livestock enterprises in arid and semi‐arid environments. Range managers consequently require detailed information on the financial and ecological implications of various stocking strategies in order to formulate viable management systems. Data collected over seven seasons (1986–1993), from a series of extensive grazing trials in the semi‐arid savanna of KwaZulu‐Natal with cattle stocked at three rates (0.17, 0.23 and 0.30 LSU ha?1) were used to develop a bioeconomic stocking model (LOWBEEF). The model comprised two biological sub‐models (BEEF and GRASS), and an integrated economic component. The BEEF sub‐model related seasonal live mass gain to stocking rate and rainfall. The GRASS sub‐model related residual herbage at the end of summer to summer stocking intensity, range condition (indexed as the sum of proportions of three key forage species, Themeda triandra, Panicum maximum and P. coloratum) and rainfall. The period over which supplementary feeding would be required to maintain cattle mass was related to residual summer herbage mass. The biological sub‐models were linked to an economic component model (ECON) to reflect the influence of various environmental and economic parameters on profitability. 相似文献
96.
A possible mechanism of mineral responses to elevated atmospheric CO2 in rice grains 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Increasing attentions have been paid to mineral concentration decrease in milled rice grains caused by CO2 enrichment, but the mechanisms still remain unclear. Therefore, mineral(Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn and Mn) translocation in plant-soil system with a FACE(Free-air CO2 enrichment) experiment were investigated in Eastern China after 4-yr operation. Results mainly showed that:(1) elevated CO2 significantly increased the biomass of stem and panicle by 21.9 and 24.0%, respectively, but did not affect the leaf biomass.(2) Elevated CO2 significantly increased the contents of Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, and Mn in panicle by 61.2, 28.9, 87.0, 36.7, and 66.0%, respectively, and in stem by 13.2, 21.3, 47.2, 91.8, and 25.2%, respectively, but did not affect them in leaf.(3) Elevated CO2 had positive effects on the weight ratio of mineral/biomass in stem and panicle. Our results suggest that elevated CO2 can favor the translocation of Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, and Mn from soil to stem and panicle. The CO2-led mineral decline in milled rice grains may mainly attribute to the CO2-led unbalanced stimulations on the translocations of minerals and carbohydrates from vegetative parts(e.g., leaf, stem, branch and husk) to the grains. 相似文献
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98.
2株优良天麻共生蜜环菌生长条件筛选 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
筛选出2株昭通本地天麻共生蜜环菌(SNA03、SNA04)菌索生长的最佳条件。采用单因素试验和正交试验法进行筛选,以生物量为考察指标。2株菌菌索生长的最适温度为25℃,暗培养下菌索生长速度最快;单糖(葡萄糖)为2菌株生长的最佳碳源,有机氮中的酵母膏和蛋白胨为最佳氮源,最适无机元素为K2SO4(SNA03)和KH2PO4(SNA04),最适维生素为VB2;最佳营养条件组合为葡萄糖∶酵母膏∶K2SO4(SNA03)或KH2PO4(SNA04)∶VB2=15g·L-1∶3g·L-1∶2g·L-1∶0.005g·L-)1,氮源(酵母膏)是影响菌索生长的最主要因素。来自昭通的2株天麻共生蜜环菌对营养和环境条件的要求基本一致。最佳生长条件的确定,对昭通蜜环菌快速工业化制种及天麻的大规模生产将起到一定的推动作用。 相似文献
99.
温度、食料条件对白背飞虱种群增长的影响 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
白背飞虱若虫和全世代发育速率与温度的关系呈逻辑斯谛关系,成虫产卵前期和卵的发育速率与温度的关系呈二次抛物线关系。在18—30℃下,卵孵化率比较稳定,水稻生育期对卵孵化亦无明显影响,孵化率平均为86.96%。若虫存活率、成虫产卵量和内禀增长力受温度和食料条件的影响十分明显,取食分蘖期和拔节期水稻的若虫存活率最高,成虫产卵量和内禀增长力最大。在水稻各生育期,若虫存活率、成虫产卵量和内禀增长力与温度的关系呈抛物线趋势。当温度达到35℃时,各生育期卵孵化率均下降到50%以下,且若虫陆续全部死亡。 相似文献
100.