棘头梅童鱼中期染色体物理长度的估测

棘头梅童鱼（Collichthys lucidus）是我国重要的海洋经济鱼类之一,具有特别的多性染色体系统（X1X1X2X2/X1X2Y)。本研究使用流式细胞术（flow cytometry,FCM）首次估测了棘头梅童鱼基因组的大小,并利用碘化丙啶染色与图像分析软件测定棘头梅童鱼24对染色体的相对面积、相对长度以及相对累积荧光强度,估算了染色体的物理长度。结果显示,雌性和雄性棘头梅童鱼的基因组大小分别为802.91 ± 2.19 Mb和786.52 ± 1.95 Mb。雌性基因组显著大于雄性基因组（约16.39 Mb）。雌性的核型公式为2n = 48 = 48t,臂数NF = 48, 染色体估测物理长度在（22.17 ± 0.72） Mb ~ （46.30 ± 1.06） Mb之间。雄性的核型公式为2n = 47 = 1m + 46t,臂数NF = 48。其中,雄性特有的m染色体为Y染色体,其估测物理长度为（62.95 ± 2.89 ）Mb。染色体的估测物理长度与相对面积、相对长度均成正线性相关。研究结果为棘头梅童鱼染色体的识别、配对提供更丰富的信息,为棘头梅童鱼Y染色体的组装及石首鱼科鱼类染色体进化提供参考数据。     

斑点叉尾鮰源嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌的全基因组测序及比较基因组学

嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌是近年来引起斑点叉尾鮰暴发高致死性传染病的主要病原之一。为了对防治该病提供技术储备,本研究对嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌 XH.SM.1菌株进行全基因组测序与比较基因组学分析,同时用扫描电镜观察其超微形态特征。电镜观察显示,XH.SM.1为两端钝圆的短杆状细菌,菌体平均长度(1.73±0.35)μm,平均直径(0.43±0.04)μm。全基因组测序得到XH.SM.1基因组大小为4.56 Mb,GC含量为66.60%,编码4087个基因。将基因组序列上传NCBI,得到登录号:PYBO01000001.1。通过与VFDB数据库比对,预测得到3个可信度较高的毒力基因。共线性分析结果显示XH.SM.1与10株完成图水平的嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌有较好的共线性。ARDB数据库预测和基因组岛分析,共同发现XH.SM.1基因组中含有许多耐药基因。泛基因组分析显示XH.SM.1呈现开放性(open)结果,这与嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌为环境常在的条件致病菌的表型相吻合,说明其适应环境和与外界进行遗传物质交流的能力较好。     

Complete genome sequencing and assessment of mutation-associated protein dynamics of the first Indian bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV) isolate

BackgroundBovine ephemeral fever (BEF) is a re-emerging disease caused by bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV). Although it poses a huge economic threat to the livestock sector, complete viral genome information from any South Asian country, including India, lacks.AimGenome characterization of the first Indian BEFV isolate and to evaluate its genetic diversity by characterizing genomic mutations and their associated protein dynamics.Materials and MethodsOf the nineteen positive blood samples collected from BEF symptomatic animals during the 2018-19 outbreaks in India, one random sample was used to amplify the entire viral genome by RT-PCR. Utilizing Sanger sequencing and NGS technology, a complete genome was determined. Genome characterization, genetic diversity and phylogenetic analyses were explored by comparing the results with available global isolates. Additionally, unique genomic mutations within the Indian isolate were investigated, followed by in-silico assessment of non-synonymous (NS) mutations impacts on corresponding proteins’ secondary structure, solvent accessibility and dynamics.ResultsThe complete genome of Indian BEFV has 14,903 nucleotides with 33% GC with considerable genetic diversity. Its sequence comparison and phylogenetic analysis revealed a close relatedness to the Middle Eastern lineage. Genome-wide scanning elucidated 30 unique mutations, including 10 NS mutations in the P, L and G_NS proteins. The mutational impact evaluation confirmed alterations in protein structure and dynamics, with minimal effect on solvent accessibility. Additionally, alteration in the interatomic interactions was compared against the wild type.ConclusionThese findings extend our understanding of the BEFV epidemiological and pathogenic potential, aiding in developing better therapeutic and preventive interventions.     

西南民族地区乡村旅游重点村空间分布特征及影响因素研究

以西南民族地区171个乡村旅游重点村为研究对象,综合运用ArcGIS空间分析、最邻近指数、地理集中指数、核密度分析、地理联系率等统计方法对乡村旅游重点村的空间分布特征及影响因素进行探析。结果表明,研究区乡村旅游重点村的最邻近指数为0.789,表明其在空间上呈凝聚型分布;研究区乡村旅游重点村的地理集中指数G=44.90,大于理想状态分布下的地理集中指数34.2,表明其在空间上呈集聚分布,但集聚度不高;研究区乡村旅游重点村的分布密度呈多核心特征,高核密度值地区有成都市、渝东南地区、渝西南地区、六盘水市、黔南布依族苗族自治州,其中成都市的核密度值最高;研究区乡村旅游重点村的分布受到地形、河流湖泊、资源禀赋、人口分布、经济发展水平、交通分布等因素的影响。     

Structural Features and Phylogenetic Implications of Three New Mitochondrial Genomes of Blister Beetles (Coleoptera: Meloidae)

The mitochondrial genome sequences of Denierella emmerichi, Epicauta curvispina, and Meloe poggii were determined. Their mitochondrial genomes were found to contain 37 genes (13 protein-coding genes [PCGs], 22 tRNA genes, and 2 rRNAs), of which 4 PCGs, 8 tRNA genes, and 2 rRNAs are encoded by the N-strand, and the remaining genes are encoded by the J-strand. The mitochondrial genomes of D. emmerichi, E. curvispina, and M. poggii are 15,702 bp, 15,813 bp, and 15,626 bp in length, respectively, and their guanine–cytosine contents are 28%, 33%, and 36%, respectively. The 13 PCGs of D. emmerichi, E. curvispina, and M. poggii use ATN as the standard start codon and TAA, TAG, and T as the stop codons. The Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood phylogenetic analysis results based on the 13 PCGs and 13 PCGs + 2rRNAs datasets of the mitochondrial genomes of the Meloidae support Epicauta (Coleoptera: Meloidae) ([D. emmerichi, E. curvispina, E. ruficeps, E. aptera] + [E. chinensis, E. impressicornis, E. gorhami, E. tibialis]). We believe that this research enriches the literature on the mitochondrial genomics of Meloidae and serves as a foundation for the further study of the phylogenetic relationships and characterization of Meloidae and Coleoptera.     

湖北发生的水稻矮缩病是南方水稻黑条矮缩病毒引起的

 近年来由水稻黑条矮缩病毒和南方水稻黑条矮缩病毒引起的水稻黑条矮缩病在华南、华东等地区暴发流行,给水稻生产带来严重损失,而湖北一直未有水稻黑条矮缩病流行的报道。然而,2009年和2010年在湖北省长江沿线的荆州、孝感、咸宁、黄石、鄂州、黄冈等水稻种植区普遍发生水稻矮缩减产的现象。经过症状观察、dsRNA电泳图谱分析、RT-PCR等方法,诊断该病是由南方水稻黑条矮缩病毒引起,说明该病毒已经随介体昆虫白背飞虱从我国南方传播至中部水稻种植区。     

A combination method of hydrofluoric acid,oxalate and NaOH‐EDTA extractions to determine phosphorus species in soil by 31P‐NMR spectroscopy

The objective of this study was to investigate the applicability of selective extraction methods in combination with solution phosphorus‐31 (³¹P) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) for the determination of organic phosphorus (P_o) species in soil. Inositol hexakisphosphates (IHP) and glucose 6‐phosphate (GP) were identified in the soil. IHP adsorbed to both soil organic matter (SOM) and short‐range order (SRO) minerals, whereas GP adsorbed only to SOM. These results suggest that P_o hosting phases are different depending on P_o species.     

液相制备油茶叶提取物组分及其结构鉴定

为了综合开发利用油茶资源,对油茶叶提取物的组分进行了制备和鉴定。将经过大孔树脂和柱分离纯化收集的组分II、III和VIII等油茶叶提取物3个组分进行了HPLC制备,得到了8个纯度较高的化合物,通过薄层显色、高清晰质谱和NMR,鉴定了其中4个化合物为:二氢白藜芦醇(1)、槲皮素(3)、槲皮素-3-鼠李糖苷(6)、1-(3′,5′-二甲氧基)苯基2-[4″-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基(6→1)-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基]苯乙烷(8),其中槲皮素和槲皮素-3-鼠李糖苷是油茶中最常见的2个黄酮类物质,1-(3′,5′-二甲氧基)苯基2-[4′′-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基(6→1)-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基]苯乙烷为第2次报道,但提取率远高于首次报道,二氢白藜芦醇在山茶属植物中属首次报道。     

Association mapping for seed cotton yield,yield components and fibre quality traits in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) genotypes

Association mapping has revolutionized human genetics and is increasingly used in plant genetics. It is an efficient way of determining the genetic basis of complex traits. In cotton so far numerous association mapping studies are available as compared to many other important crops. In our study, mapping was performed using cotton 63K infinium beadchip with 201 germplasm lines. Through fast STRUCTURE analysis, lines were grouped into 12 subgroups and revealed genome sharing among the groups. The critical value (R²) was set to 0.243 as threshold to claim LD between two loci. About 3.13% marker pairs recorded significantly high LD (R² = 1), and 8.19% of marker pairs were in the range of 0.3 to 0.99 R². In MLM, 349 significant marker–trait associations were detected as against 642 in GLM because of effectiveness in eliminating false associations in MLM. A total of 68 markers explained >10% phenotypic variation for yield and fibre quality traits. Phenotypic variation explained by markers was smaller, suggesting that they might be associated with minor QTLs.     

Study on Oocyte Nuclear Factor Promotes the Early Development of Tetraploid Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer Embryos

The study was aimed to investigate the role of porcine oocyte nuclear factors during reprogramming. Somatic cell nuclei was introduced into intact MⅡ oocytes to establish tetraploid somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryos containing both somatic nuclei and oocyte nuclei. And then the influence of the oocyte nucleus on tetraploid SCNT embryo development was examined by assessing characteristics including cleavage rate and blastocyst rate. The results showed that the cleavage rate of tetraploid SCNT embryos,diploid parthenogenetic embryos and haploid parthenogenetic embryos was extremely significantly higher than that of standard diploid SCNT embryos (P<0.01). The blastocyst rate and the total number of cells in tetraploid SCNT embryos were extremely significantly higher than that of standard diploid SCNT embryos (P<0.01).Overall,tetraploid SCNT embryos had a higher developmental competence than standard diploid SCNT embryos. In conclusion, the embryonic model was established in which a fetal fibroblast nucleus and an oocyte M Ⅱ plate coexist. Tetraploid SCNT represented a new research platform that was potentially useful for examining interactions between donor nuclei and oocyte nuclei. This platform should facilitate further understanding of the roles played by nuclear factors during reprogramming.