棉秆轴向压缩特性的试验研究

采用电子万能试验机对棉秆进行轴向压缩试验研究。结果表明：干棉秆的弹性模量和轴向抗压强度明显高于湿棉秆；直径对棉秆的弹性模量和轴向抗压强度有影响，但无统一变化趋势；弹性模量和轴向抗压强度受节问影响。其平均值在节问2最大，节问5最小，节问3和节问4的值变化很小。     

甘薯肌醇-1-磷酸合成酶基因的克隆及序列分析

甘薯(Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.)新品系农大603是从感茎线虫(Ditylenchus destructor)病品种徐薯18的辐照后代中获得的一个抗茎线虫病的突变体。以农大603和徐薯18块根的mRNA为模板，根据植物抗线虫病基因NBS保守氨基酸序列设计引物，进行 RT-PCR分析，发现农大603的肌醇-1-磷酸合成酶(Myo inositol-1-phosphate synthase , MIPS)基因的表达量高于徐薯18。采用3'RACE技术扩增出MIPS基因的3'末端cDNA。根据植物MIPS基因 5'端一段保守的氨基酸序列设计兼并引物，并与3'端的特异引物组合，扩增出该基因的5'端cDNA序列。DNA序列比对表明，甘薯MIPS基因与大豆(Glycine max)、番茄(Lycopersicon esculentum )的MIPS基因同源性较高，分别达83.63 %和83.89 %。甘薯MIPS基因全长cDNA的克隆，有利于进一步研究该基因与抗甘薯茎线虫病的关系。     

胎猪胰腺干细胞的分离与鉴定

从胎猪胰腺分离得到一株细胞，该细胞经免疫组化检测表达PDX-1，GLUT-2，PCNA，Glucagon，somatostatin，polypeptide，弱表达nestin，目前细胞已传至58代。其在体外的生长行为有类似间充质干细胞样生长形态，经诱导后可分化为具有三维立体结构的类胰岛细胞团。成团后细胞强表达insulin、ck-19等标志，放免测定显示诱导成团后细胞胰岛素分泌量增加，显著高于未诱导细胞（P<0.05）。说明胰腺内存在着多潜能干细胞，本方法分离到胎猪胰腺干细胞，经诱导分化可形成有功能的胰岛样细胞团并释放胰岛素,有望为进一步研究异种胰腺干细胞移植治疗糖尿病提供材料。     

向日葵株高和茎粗的空间结构性初步分析

通过对向日葵的株高、茎粗两生育指标田间系统采样研究，将影响系数法进行补充后应用到对两生育指标的原始数据特异值处理中。运用地质统计学原理探讨了株高、茎粗两生育指标的空间结构性并建立了变差函数模型。结果显示两变量具有较明显的区域化变量特征和较好的空间结构性，可用区域化变量理论来分析研究，经特异值处理后块金常数(C₀)值有了不同程度的降低。弥补了单纯采用经典概率统计法对作物生育指标进行分析的不足，对作物信息进行空间结构性和定量化研究可为精确农业的实施提供必要的技术支撑。     

施用钾肥对百合产量及经济效益的影响

试验结果表明，百合施用钾肥增产效果能达到极显著水平。但是，钾肥施用过多，影响土壤养分平衡，从而抑制百合对其它养分的吸收，每公顷施K2O75～150kg为宜。钾肥施用方法以1／2作基肥，1／2作蕾肥为佳，既克服了因土壤含钾量低产生的后期供钾不足的缺点，又满足了百合中后期对钾的营养需求。因此，百合鳞茎的产量和净收益均最高。     

从原始生殖细胞分离昆明小鼠EG细胞及其传代培养

为提高昆明小鼠胚胎生殖细胞(embryonic germ cells, EG cells)建系效率，以怀孕8.5～12.5 d小鼠胎儿为材料，比较了胎儿后1/3部位的组织共培养、生殖嵴共培养、差速贴壁和穿刺生殖嵴4种分离胚胎原始生殖细胞(primordial germ cells，PGCs)的方法以及不同传代方式对EG细胞克隆的影响。结果表明：生殖嵴共培养和差速贴壁方式获得了较好分离EG细胞的效果，与其它两组比较差异显著；手工传代方式与连同成纤维细胞一起消化的传代方式相比获得了较高传代比率。对所分离EG细胞经形态观察、AKP染色和体外分化能力检测，证实其符合小鼠EG细胞的集落状生长、细胞未分化特性及细胞多能性等特征。     

生物炭和其他有机土壤改良剂对Ustoxic Quartzipsamment土壤上植物养分有效性的影响

A sandy soil, Nampong soil(classified as Ustoxic Quartzipsamment), was incubated under controlled condition i) to compare the mineralization of major plant nutrients derived from different types of biochars and other organic soil amendments; ii) to examine their effects on soil properties and plant nutrient availability; and iii) to evaluate the plant nutrient losses in leachate from the rooting zone of soil incorporated with the different amendments. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with 3 replications.Five treatments of soil amendments used were cassava stem base biochar(CSB), rice husk biochar(RHB), chicken manure(CM),compost(CP), and no amendment application(control). The RHB treatment released the highest amounts of mineralized NO-3-N,available P and K(2.30–17.26, 5.50–42.90 and 43.00–187.63 mg kg-1, respectively) while the CM treatment releasing the highest NH+4-N in the range of 1.86–53.67 mg kg-1. The CSB and RHB treatments showed better continuity of mineralization of nutrients than the treatments of CM and CP, particularly in the case of the CSB treatment. In the soil column incubation experiment, the amounts of NH+4-N and NO-3-N in all treatments barely changed on Day 1 to Day 30 of incubation and then the amounts increased markedly on Day 60. On Day 60, the RHB treatment contained a very high amount of NO-3-N( 250 mg kg-1). This suggests that N would become more available 30 d after the incorporation. The CM treatment gave the highest amounts of organic matter and available P in the ranges of 4.64–8.94 g kg-1and 14.41–36.33 mg kg-1, respectively, during the 60-d column incubation. The CSB treatment tended to have higher available K throughout the measuring period. The NO-3-N was leached from the soil column quite quickly on Day 1 of incubation while the loss of NH+4-N decreased slightly from Day 1 until the end of the measurement. The amounts of P and K losses varied with the type of soil amendments, and the pattern of the loss was irregular.     

小麦抗秆锈突变系龙辐03D51的筛选及其抗病性的遗传分析与RAPD标记

以龙6239幼胚为外植体,利用辐射诱变和组织培养相结合的方法,选育出突变系龙辐03D51,经秆锈接种鉴定,发现其对优势小种21C3CPH免疫,而亲本龙6239对21C3CPH高度感染。遗传分析表明,抗病性由显性单基因控制。该突变系还具有其亲本的优质、高产特点,已成为优异的后备品系。在RAPD检测中,所用的60个随机引物中有3个引物在龙辐03D51和其亲本龙6239中具有多态性,引物E07、E11、E17在龙辐03D51中分别扩增出380bp、700bp和600bp的特异带,初步认为这些谱带可能与秆锈抗性有关。     

榨菜叶还田对水稻养分吸收的影响

利用盆栽试验研究了榨菜叶还田对水稻养分吸收的影响,结果表明,水稻的吸肥规律与其整个生育期的三个生长中心相适应,对氮的吸收在整个生育期出现两个高峰,第一个在水稻移栽后2￣4周,第二个在移栽后8￣10周;对磷和钾的吸收高峰出现在移栽后8￣10周。各施肥处理水稻对氮磷钾的吸收累积量均大于对照,榨菜叶配施化肥处理对氮磷钾的吸收积累量和收获指数都高于等NPK养分含量的其它处理。水稻吸收的氮和磷大部分储存于籽粒中,而钾主要存在于秸秆中,同时,氮磷钾的收获指数随着施肥量的增加而降低,多吸收的养分主要存在于秸秆中,因此秸秆还田对于维持土壤肥力,尤其对缓解中国磷钾肥不足意义重大。     

Karyotype Analysis of Sesbania rostrata Brem.

The karyotype of Sesbania rostrata, a species endemic to West Africa, which produces nitrogen fixing, nodules on stem and branches, was analysed. The somatic chromosome number was 12 with two pairs of long, submetacentric and four pairs of short, metacentric chromosomes. The chromosome number in another species S. aculeata, which is well adapted as a green manure crop in India but not capable of stem nodulation, was also 2n = 12. The similarity between the chromosome complements of the two species indicates that they may be cross compatible.