基于光学和超声联合定位的精密播种机导航技术研究

为了提高播种机的自主化作业水平,将光学和超声联合定位方法引入到了播种机导航系统的设计上,通过超声波测距和激光扫描的方法,实现了作业区域的定位和播种机行走路径的规划,从而提高了播种机作业的适应能力,提升了自主作业水平.为了验证方案的可行性,对基于光学和超声联合定位的导航系统进行了实验,并建立了一个有田垄的农田作业环境,展...     

稻田免耕直播油菜出苗及杂草发生的研究

研究结果表明,浅耕油菜的出苗高峰期和出苗终止期分别为播后14d和播后49d,而免耕的分别为播后21d和播后63d,浅耕的出苗集中在播后7~21d,而免耕的出苗集中在播后14~28d。杂草发生量浅耕的比免耕的明显减少,杂草以看麦娘为主,发生量最大。     

杂交粳稻新组合禾香优1号的选育、制种及直播栽培技术

禾香优1号是浙江省嘉兴市农业科学研究院与浙江勿忘农种业股份有限公司利用粳稻不育系禾香1A与恢复系TD47配组而成的杂交粳稻新组合。该组合米质优、综合抗性强、适应性广,2020年通过国家品种审定,适宜在浙江省、上海市、江苏省南部、安徽省和湖北省沿江的粳稻区作单季晚稻种植。根据近几年田间示范表现和制种实践,总结了该组合高产制种和直播栽培技术要点。     

大白菜田间耐热性的鉴定方法

大白菜原产中国,是国内分布最广、种植面积最大的蔬菜作物,素有"国菜"之称.大白菜产量的高低对安定人民生活有着举足轻重的作用.但夏季高温常使大白菜植株生长异常,不能形成有效的经济产量,给大白菜生产带来严重影响.大白菜品种的耐热性不强是导致植株生长异常的主要原因,而能否对大白菜资源材料进行有效的耐热性鉴定和选择是耐热育种的关键.本研究拟探明南京地区进行田间耐热性鉴定的有效方法,以期为大白菜耐热育种和夏季生产提供科学依据.     

Fluorescence localization of epidermal cathepsins L and B in the Japanese eel

Histochemical localization of proteolytic activities in the dorsal epidermis of Japanese eel was demonstrated by fluorescent microscopy utilizing 4-methoxy-2-naphthylamide (4M$\beta$NA) derivatives as substrates and 5-nitrosalicylaldehyde as a trapping agent. Carbobenzoxy-L-phenylalanyl-L-arginyl-4M$\beta$NA (Cbz-Phe-Arg-4M$\beta$NA) and Cbz-Arg-Arg-4M$\beta$NA were used for direct detection of cathepsins L and B activities, respectively, in fresh frozen sections and unfixed cells of the eel epidermis. The fluorescing areas, where Cbz-Phe-Arg-4M$\beta$NA was hydrolyzed by cathepsin L, were shown in mucus secretory cells and club cells and broadly around skin surface. The fluorescing areas due to Cbz-Arg-Arg-4M$\beta$NA hydrolysis by cathepsin B were localized similarly in these tissues. The fluorescing intensity for both catheptic activities in mucus secretory cells was higher than that in club cells, where small fluorescing granules were distributed. These results indicate that eel cathepsins L and B are stored in epidermal secretory cells at different levels and probably serve as defense factors before or after secretion by these cells. Abbreviations: Cbz – carbobenzoxy; 4M$\beta$NA – 4-methoxy-2-naphthylamide; NSA – 5-nitrosalicylaldehyde.     

Most fish destined for fishmeal production are food‐grade fish

Marine fisheries target and catch fish both for direct human consumption (DHC) as well as for fishmeal and fish oil, and other products. We derived the fractions used for each for 1950–2010 by fishing country, and thus provide a factual foundation for discussions of the optimal use of fisheries resources. From 1950 to 2010, 27% (~20 million tonnes annually) of globally reconstructed marine fisheries landings were destined for uses other than DHC. Importantly, 90% of fish destined for uses other than DHC are food‐grade or prime food‐grade fish, while fish without a ready market for DHC make up a much smaller proportion. These findings have implications for how we are using fish to feed ourselves or, more appropriately, how we are not using fish to feed ourselves.     

机械化直播油菜的优点及高产栽培技术

针对近年来油菜生产机械化程度低、用工多、成本高、效益低、面积逐年萎缩的情况,通过多年试验与总结,探索与完善了机械化直播油菜的高产栽培技术,实现了省工节本、提高机械化水平的目的,也为大面积油菜生产提供技术参考。     

印度梨形孢真菌对干旱胁迫下紫花苜蓿生长及抗旱性的影响

以紫花苜蓿为材料,通过盆栽砂培的方法,设置接种(40 mL 含有印度梨形孢菌丝体的菌剂)+干旱(土壤含水量为田间最大持水量的15%~20%)、未接种(40 mL无菌水)+干旱、接种+正常供水(土壤含水量保持在田间持水量的75%~80%)、未接种+正常供水4个处理,研究印度梨形孢真菌与紫花苜蓿共生对干旱胁迫下紫花苜蓿生长及抗旱性的影响。结果表明,印度梨形孢真菌在紫花苜蓿根部定殖率较高,达87.4%;与未接种+干旱处理相比,接种印度梨形孢对干旱胁迫下紫花苜蓿地上部和根系有明显影响,其中,地上部鲜重、干重、叶绿素含量、叶片相对含水量及叶片数分别比未接种处理显著增加了63.4%,69.2%,12.5%,17.1%和5.7片,根系鲜重、干重、主根长及侧根数分别增加了33.3%,57.1%,5.1 cm和5条(P<0.05);与未接种+干旱处理相比,接种后的紫花苜蓿叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、脯氨酸(Pro)和可溶性糖(SS)含量明显增强,分别是未接种处理的1.71,1.27,1.22,1.49和1.48倍(P<0.05),而超氧阴离子()与丙二醛(MDA)含量大幅度降低。因此,印度梨形孢真菌与紫花苜蓿共生可以促进干旱胁迫下紫花苜蓿生长,主要是通过刺激抗氧化酶活性和渗透调节物质的累积来抵抗干旱逆境。而在正常供水条件下,接种印度梨形孢没有明显的促进生长的作用。     

直接竞争ELISA检测氯霉素残留的方法建立及初步应用

用混合酸酐法合成氯霉素的CAP抗原,用过碘酸钠氧化法合成CAP酶标记抗原,用ELISA方法对合成的CAP抗原、CAP酶标记抗原进行鉴定表明其与抗CAP单克隆抗体具有特异性反应。在此基础上建立了包被二抗的直接竞争ELISA方法。特异性试验结果表明,CAP琥珀酸酯、CAP琥珀酸钠盐的交叉反应率分别为107%、106.4%;甲砜霉素、氟甲砜霉素与CAP的交叉反应率小于0.016%;与其他结构类似物间未见交叉反应。该方法对CAP的检测限可达到0.1μg/L,IC50为11.6μg/L,线性范围0.1～100μg/L,批内变异系数小于11.5%,批间变异系数小于19.6%。对猪肉、鸡肉、蜂蜜分别添加1.0、3.0、10.0、30.0μg/L CAP标准品,回收率61.0%～102.0%,变异系数为6.6%～15.8%;对猪肉、鸡肉、蜂蜜中CAP的最低检测限分别为0.48、0.42、1.20μg/kg。     

NaCl胁迫对苜蓿幼苗生长及不同器官中盐离子分布的影响

研究了不同浓度NaCl胁迫下(盐浓度处理为0,0.1%,0.3%,0.5%,0.7%,0.9%)苜蓿不同器官的生长情况(存活率、根长、茎长、叶片数),以及不同器官中Na⁺、K⁺、Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺的含量,并分析了K/Na、Ca/Na、Mg/Na值的变化。结果表明,存活率、根长、茎长与盐浓度呈负相关,且当NaCl≤0.1%时,有利于苜蓿的生长。除根茎叶中Na⁺含量、根中Ca²⁺与盐浓度呈正相关,茎叶中的Ca²⁺与盐浓度相关性不明显外,根茎叶中K⁺、Mg²⁺、K/Na、Ca/Na、Mg/Na均随盐浓度增加而显著下降,且盐处理与对照差异显著(P＜0.05)。另外从离子角度讨论了盐对苜蓿的毒害以及耐盐的原因。