等离子体脉冲荷电喷雾装置

设计了一套用于荷电喷雾的高压脉冲电源和等离子发生环 ,详细介绍了脉冲电源电路、电极结构和脉冲荷电喷雾系统 ,分析了脉冲电源的荷电原理 ,检测了系统的荷质比。理论分析和试验结果表明 :在同样试验条件下 ,脉冲电源优于普通直流高压电源 ,具有起晕电压低、能耗省、工作平稳、结构紧凑等特点 ,可靠、经济、实用     

水、氮效应与叶绿素关系试验研究

以冬小麦和夏玉米为试验对象，研究了不同水、氮条件对作物植株含氮及叶绿素含量的影响，作物叶片含氮、作物产量与叶绿素含量之间的量化关系，并提出了利用叶绿素仪预测作物氮素胁迫的方法。研究结果表明，田间的不同水、氮制度将影响作物的含氮水平及叶绿素含量，它们之间呈正响应关系。氮素对作物叶绿素含量起着较强的影响作用。作为一种测量叶片叶绿素含量的仪器，叶绿素仪可以作为测量作物含氮的仪器使用，具有快速、准确、简便的特点。     

生物质气化发电技术相关问题的研究

随着我国经济的高速发展,能源短缺和环境污染问题日益严峻.生物质能作为一种理想的可再生能源,由于其在燃烧过程中二氧化碳净排放量近似于零,可有效地减少温室效应和环境污染,因而越来越受到世界各国的关注.为此,重点讨论了生物质气化发电技术的相关问题-气化炉的选取、焦油的处理、系统投资和运行成本,并进行了财务分析,从而得出生物质气化技术是生物质能最有效、最经济和最洁净的利用方式.     

车用汽油机噪声源的声强测量识别

运用声强测试技术的双传声器法原理，对一台车用汽油发动机在半消声室内进行了声强测量。根据声强测量的结果绘制声强云图和各个测量面上的主要频率成分的噪声声强云图。分析这些声强云图的特征和发动机部件在空间上的对应关系，对发动机的主要噪声源进行了识别研究。     

邛海盆地土壤氮素空间变异特征与影响因素研究

以西昌市邛海盆地为研究区域,随机均匀布点采集386个耕作层土壤样点,分析化验土壤理化性质,运用地统计学方法和GIS技术研究邛海盆地表层土壤氮素含量的空间变异特征,利用方差分析、缓冲区分析和回归分析定量分析区域内土壤氮素空间变异的影响因素。研究结果表明,研究区表层土壤全氮和速效氮含量分别为(1.85±0.51)g/kg和(138.5±47.7)mg/kg,属较丰富水平,变异系数分别为27.52%和32.24%,属中等差异强度;土壤全氮和速效氮具有中等程度的空间相关性,空间变异均以随机变异为主,具有各向异性特征,在西北-东南方向上空间变异相对剧烈;研究区土壤全氮和速效氮含量总体上呈条带状或斑块状分布特征,高值区主要位于西昌市的东南郊区,并以此高值中心向南、向东和向北3个方向逐步递减,低值区主要出现在邛海北面近湖岸地带。影响因素分析结果表明,土地利用方式、土壤母质、土壤质地、土壤p H值、城镇、河流、邛海湖对土壤全氮和速效氮空间变异具有显著影响,而道路对土壤氮素空间变异影响不显著。     

旱区覆膜滴灌棉田N 2 O排放对化肥减量有机替代的响应

覆膜滴灌条件下,采用静态箱-气相色谱法研究了不同施肥策略:CK(不施肥)、CF(N 300 kg/hm~2;P2O590 kg/hm~2;K2O 60 kg/hm~2)、60%CF+OF(普通有机肥6 000 kg/hm~2)、60%CF+BF(生物有机肥6 000 kg/hm~2)对棉田土壤N_2O排放的影响,旨在明确滴灌棉田连续不同施肥策略下土壤N_2O的排放特征。结果表明,棉花生育期N_2O排放通量表现为施肥处理大于不施肥处理,滴灌施肥后第3/4天N_2O排放通量顺序为CF60%CF+OF60%CF+BFCK,而滴灌后第7/8天N_2O排放通量则表现为有机肥处理高于化肥处理,滴灌施肥结束后表现与之相同;生育期的N_2O排放总量以100%化肥处理(CF)最高,与其相比,60%CF+OF和60%CF+BF处理分别降低3.75%和8.37%,N_2O排放系数则分别降低1.39%和73.8%;相关及通径分析均表明,与土壤NH+4-N相比,NO-3-N与N_2O排放的关系更密切。     

寒带无人值守机房冬季节能及补热方式

黑龙江冬季寒冷且时间长，各无人值守机房在冬季将消耗大量电能来取暖。由于无线移动基站很多，采取节能方式将降低运行成本。为此，介绍了一种节能和补偿热量方式，其实际应用效果显著。     

生物质热解液化制取燃油的综合效益分析

在我国,生物质能是一种重要的可再生能源,储量巨大,但由于其能量利用率不高,绝大多数还是低效率的直接燃烧.根据现有的技术条件和发展趋势,可将这些生物质在产地进行热解液化处理,建立生物燃油生产工厂,得到的生物燃油可以直接应用或再处理.为此,针对生物质热解液化技术的推广应用所带来的巨大综合效益进行了较全面的阐述和分析,以期对今后生物质热解液化技术的发展提供参考.     

生态家园中沼气发酵产物的综合利用

根据我国农业结构调整、农场城镇化建设、农业增效、职工增收和生态环境建设这一战略重点,沿着生态家园富民计划这条主线,提高沼气在农村能源结构中的比重,把实施沼气综合利用技术作为解决"三农"问题的重要措施.为此,对沼气、沼液、沼渣的综合利用进行了分析.     

Simulation of drainage water quality with DRAINMOD

The design and management of drainage systems should consider impacts on drainage water quality and receiving streams, as well as on agricultural productivity. Two simulation models that are being developed to predict these impacts are briefly described. DRAINMOD-N uses hydrologic predictions by DRAINMOD, including daily soil water fluxes, in numerical solutions to the advective-dispersive-reactive (ADR) equation to describe movement and fate of NO₃-N in shallow water table soils. DRAINMOD- CREAMS links DRAINMOD hydrology with submodels in CREAMS to predict effects of drainage treatment and controlled drainage losses of sediment and agricultural chemicals via surface runoff. The models were applied to analyze effects of drainage intensity on a Portsmouth sandy loam in eastern North Carolina. Depending on surface depressional storage, agricultural production objectives could be satisfied with drain spacings of 40 m or less. Predicted effects of drainage design and management on NO₃-N losses were substantial. Increasing drain spacing from 20 m to 40 m reduced predicted NO₃-N losses by over 45% for both good and poor surface drainage. Controlled drainage further decreases NO₃-N losses. For example, predicted average annual NO₃-N losses for a 30 m spacing were reduced 50% by controlled drainage. Splitting the application of nitrogen fertilizer, so that 100 kg/ha is applied at planting and 50 kg/ha is applied 37 days later, reduced average predicted NO₃-N losses but by only 5 to 6%. This practice was more effective in years when heavy rainfall occurred directly after planting. In contrast to effects on NO₃-N losses, reducing drainage intensity by increasing drain spacing or use of controlled drainage increased predicted losses of sediment and phosphorus (P). These losses were small for relatively flat conditions (0.2% slope), but may be large for even moderate slopes. For example, predicted sediment losses for a 2% slope exceeded 8000 kg/ha for a poorly drained condition (drain spacing of 100 m), but were reduced to 2100 kg/ha for a 20 m spacing. Agricultural production and water quality goals are sometimes in conflict. Our results indicate that simulation modeling can be used to examine the benefits of alternative designs and management strategies, from both production and environmental points-of-view. The utility of this methodology places additional emphasis on the need for field experiments to test the validity of the models over a range of soil, site and climatological conditions.