氦氖激光治疗脑梗死患者对血液流变学、血清神经元特异性稀醇化酶的影响

目的：观察氦氖激光血管内照射(ILIB)治疗脑梗死患者对血液流交学、血清神经元特异性稀醇化酶(NSK)的影响。方法：38例脑梗死随机分为两组：ILIB组21例，对照组17例，两组均在基础治疗下，ILIB组加用ILIB治疗，对照组不用ILIB。治疗后第3天和第14天检测血液流变学、血清NSE浓度，并行神经功能缺损的评定。结果：两组同步治疗后血液流变学指标除红细胞体积分数外，其余4项指标均有下降，但两组治疗后比较，ILIB组较对照组下降更显著，差异有显著性；血清NSK浓度与神经功能缺损评定，治疗后两组均有下降，但ILIB组下降也更显著，差异有显著性。结论：ILIB可改善脑梗死患者血液流变学情况，且可降低血清NSK浓度，有利于促进神经功能恢复。     

氯虫酰胺对甜菜夜蛾神经元钠离子通道电流的影响

为了研究新型杀虫剂氯虫酰胺对甜菜夜蛾（Laphygma exigua）的杀虫机制,应用全细胞膜片钳技术记录了氯虫酰胺对急性分离的甜菜夜蛾幼虫中枢神经细胞电压门控钠离子通道的影响。结果显示,在电压钳模式下,0.1 g/L药物作用1 min、5 min、15 min后平均钠离子通道电流峰值分别是（-9.627±0.114）nA、（-11.668±0.131）nA、（-8.726±0.398）nA。在电流钳模式下,0.4 g/L药物作用1 min、3 min、5 min后动作电位峰值分别为（94.366±4.596）m V、（90.363±2.258） m V、（83.15±2.959）m V ,时程分别为（5.025±0.884）m s、（6.032±0.073） m s、（6.387±0.376） ms ,药物作用10 min后只能产生电紧张,无法发放动作电位。以上结果表明,氯虫酰胺对钠电流的作用明显具有时间依赖性,0.1g/L药物初始可增加钠离子通道电流峰值,但随用药时间延长效果减弱。高质量浓度氯虫酰胺可时间依赖性地降低动作电位峰值和延长时程,降低细胞膜兴奋性。甜菜夜蛾中枢神经细胞钠离子通道是氯虫酰胺药物的作用靶标之一。     

Two cases of acute polyradiculoneuritis in dogs consuming a raw poultry diet

A 9-year-old female mixed-breed dog presented with ascending flaccid tetraparesis, and a 5-year-old castrated male Poodle dog presented with ventroflexion of neck, dysphonia, and hindlimb weakness, which progressed to acute ascending tetraparesis. Both dogs were fed raw poultry for over 9 and 5 years, respectively. Blood examination and other test results were normal or unrelated to the present case. Fecal polymerase chain reaction analysis in the Poodle dog was positive for Clostridium perfringens and Campylobacter jejuni. Tetraparesis improved with supportive care in both dogs. Human IV immunoglobulin was only administered to the Poodle dog, which showed a shorter recovery (12 days compared to 34 days in the mixed-breed dog). Both dogs returned to normal conditions eventually.     

八肽胆囊收缩素对骨髓间充质干细胞诱导分化后神经元样细胞生长状态的影响

为探讨八肽胆囊收缩素(CCK8)对骨髓间充质干细胞(MSCs)诱导分化后神经元样细胞生长状态的影响,在β-巯基乙醇诱导MSCs分化的基础上加入CCK8,观察诱导期间细胞形态变化及分化细胞的存活时间,免疫细胞化学法鉴定神经元特异性巢蛋白(Nestin)的表达,唑盐比色实验(MTT)法检测细胞活性。结果表明,加入CCK8的部分实验组与基础诱导组相比,可延长神经元样细胞的生存时间;诱导后5 h,Nestin阳性表达率变化不明显(P>0.05),诱导后10 h,神经元样细胞的活性可明显增强(P<0.05)。该结果说明,CCK8在β-巯基乙醇体外诱导大鼠MSCs分化为神经元样细胞后的过程中,可一定程度延长细胞的存活时间,具有抗细胞凋亡作用。     

脊髓等柔软组织石蜡组织切片制作技术探讨

以家兔脊髓组织为实验材料,探讨制作大批量脊髓组织教学标本简便、可行的方法。结果表明,用常规方法制作优质的脊髓组织切片时,在10%的中性福尔马林固定液中固定7 d,进行H.E染色时,苏木精染色的时间为30 min,伊红染色时间6 min,制作的切片细胞核嗜碱性、呈蓝紫色,细胞质和细胞间质嗜酸性、呈粉红色,胞质内尼氏体为蓝紫色颗粒,两者间颜色对比度好,容易区分,是制作大批量教学标本的可选方法。     

不同日龄牦牛大脑视皮质发育的组织形态学研究

为探明不同发育阶段牦牛大脑视皮质的组织形态结构,应用组织学技术及图像分析软件对不同发育期(1日龄、30日龄、180日龄和成年)对牦牛大脑视皮质厚度、神经元密度和神经元截面积进行分析测量。结果表明,随着年龄的增加,牦牛大脑视皮质的厚度增厚、神经元截面积增大和神经元密度在30日龄时最大,显著高于180日龄和成年组(P<0.05)。结果提示,牦牛大脑视皮质的厚度和神经元截面积从出生到成年逐渐增加,神经元密度从30日龄到成年则逐渐减少。     

水稻虫害智能预测模型及其应用

为改进受多变量、时变和不确定因素影响的作物虫情预测的效率和准确性,将人工神经网络、遗传算法和模拟退火技术相结合,提出了一个全新的水稻虫害智能预测模型.模型首先基于人工神经网络,利用现有的多维气象数据、虫害历史数据构建网络结构,然后将遗传算法置于网络内层,模拟退火算法置于网络外层,对神经网络权重和阈值进行优化训练,以使模型输出快速准确地逼进目标样本.模型被应用在重庆市永川水稻二化螟虫情预测中,结果表明该模型能够较精确地预测未来虫害的发生程度.与传统的BP人工神经网络预测相比,预测精度和预测时间都得到较大提高,因而利用智能模型进行水稻虫害预测具有良好的实用价值.     

Alteration of nitrergic neuromuscular transmission as a result of acute experimental colitis in rat

Nitric oxide (NO) is a non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic neurotransmitter found in the enteric nervous system that plays a role in a variety of enteropathies, including inflammatory bowel disease. Alteration of nitrergic neurons has been reported to be dependent on the manner by which inflammation is caused. However, this observed alteration has not been reported with acetic acid-induced colitis. Therefore, the purpose of the current study was to investigate changes in nitrergic neuromuscular transmission in experimental colitis in a rat model. Distal colitis was induced by intracolonic administration of 4% acetic acid in the rat. Animals were sacrificed at 4 h and 48 h post-acetic acid treatment. Myeloperoxidase activity was significantly increased in the acetic acid-treated groups. However, the response to 60 mM KCl was not significantly different in the three groups studied. The amplitude of phasic contractions was increased by N^ω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) in the normal control group, but not in the acetic acid-treated groups. Spontaneous contractions disappeared during electrical field stimulation (EFS) in normal group. However, for the colitis groups, these contractions initially disappeared, and then reappeared during EFS. Moreover, the observed disappearance was diminished by L-NAME; this suggests that these responses were NO-mediated. In addition, the number of NADPH-diaphorase positive nerve cell bodies, in the myenteric plexus, was not altered in the distal colon; whereas the area of NADPH-diaphorase positive fibers, in the circular muscle layer, was decreased in the acetic acid-treated groups. These results suggest that NO-mediated inhibitory neural input, to the circular muscle, was decreased in the acetic acid-treated groups.     

Tissue Culture of the Enteric Nervous System from Equine Ileum

Ileal samples were harvested fresh from euthanized adult horses. The tissues were microdissected to prepare wholemount preparations for immunohistochemistry and for either explant or dissociated culture systems of the enteric nervous system. Explant culture systems were established using wholemounts of either the submucous plexus or the muscularis externa (including the myenteric plexus). Dissociated cell cultures could only be obtained from the submucous plexus. Culture systems were maintained for up to 5 days. Immunoreactivity for a neuronal marker (Pan-N) and for glial cell markers (GFAP and S100) indicated the presence of both neurons and enteric glia in the tissue culture preparations.This is the first report of equine enteric neurons being grown in tissue culture. Further refinements to the techniques will be required before this in vitro model can be used for quantitative analysis.     

Diverse functions of perlecan in central nervous system cells in vitro

Therapeutic treatment targeting one cell type is considered ineffective in remedying any injury to the central nervous system (CNS). Perlecan, a multi‐functional, heparan sulfate proteoglycan, shows diverse effects on distinct cell types, suggesting that it is one of the candidates that can augment the regenerative mechanisms in the injured CNS. Therefore, we examined the functions of perlecan in CNS cells in vitro by using perlecan purified from bovine kidney. Perlecan‐coated cell culture plates, unlike their type I/III collagen‐coated counterparts, did not inhibit the adhesion of neural stem/progenitor cells (NS/PCs) and neurons. The coated perlecan and the perlecan added to the culture medium suppressed astrocyte proliferation; however, perlecan added to the medium promoted NS/PC proliferation. Neurons were promoted to extend their neurites on the perlecan‐coated substrate, and perlecan added to the medium also showed a similar effect. NS/PC proliferation and neurite extension is a major regenerative reaction in CNS injury, whereas excess proliferation of astrocytes cause hypertrophy of glial scars, which repels neurons. Our in vitro study suggests that perlecan is an attractive candidate to promote regenerative mechanisms and to suppress reactions that hamper regenerative processes in cases of CNS injury.