Indonesian mungbean landraces II. Comparison of performance,components of variance and selection for grain yield under wide row-spacing in monoculture and when intercropped with maize

Summary The possibility of testing mungbean for grain yield in monoculture in single wide-spaced row plots as an alternative to selection in intercropping with maize was investigated. Results indicated no significant genotype x planting pattern interactions and genetic correlation coefficients between grain yields in the two planting patterns were, in most cases, close to unity. It was concluded that, as far as the mungbean component in the mixture is concerned, yield selection in either of the two planting patterns is justified. Effects of single-plant and progeny selection on mungbean characteristics were also studied empirically. Lines derived from single-plant selection in monocropping or intercropping showed differences in yield, number of pods per plant and seed weight. Except for seed weight, no differential effects of progeny selection in monoculture or intercropping were observed for any characteristic.     

福建绿豆地方品种的研究 Ⅲ.绿豆品种数量性状的典型相关分析

将50个绿豆地方品种的16个数量性状归成生育期、形态数量、产量构成、籽粒产量和籽粒品质性状等5组。结果表明,这5组性状两两之间都存在显著相关.籽粒产量与其构成性状、形态数量性状的多元相关高丁籽粒产量与生育期性状的相关,又高于与品质性状的相关,且分别决定了88.00％和88.40％籽粒产量的相关变异.产量构成性状与形态性状的典型相关高于与生育期性状及品质性状的相关.各性状组间在关联性上起作用的主要性状为籽粒产量、生育日数、茎粗、收获指数、荚粒数、百粒重和籽粒蛋白质含量等7个.     

绿豆感染轮纹病后酶活性的变化

对不同感病程度、不同接种时间的绿豆叶片取样, 并对其过氧化物酶、多酚氧化酶和苯丙氨酸解氨酶的活性进行了测定。结果表明:绿豆感病后这3种酶活性的变化均呈先上升后下降的趋势,PO和PAL活性在接种第4d达到最高峰,而PPO活性在接种第4d达到最高峰。     

Development of a SCAR marker linked with a MYMV resistance gene in mungbean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek)

Yellow mosaic disease (YMD) caused by mungbean yellow mosaic virus (MYMV) is the most important disease of mungbean, causing great yield loss. The present investigation was carried out to study the inheritance and identify molecular markers linked with MYMV resistance gene by using F₁, F₂ and 167 F_2 : 8 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) developed from the cross ‘TM‐99‐37’ (resistant) × Mulmarada (susceptible). The F₁ was susceptible, F₂ segregated in 3S:1R phenotypic ratio and RILs segregated in 1S:1R ratio in the field screening indicating that the MYMV resistance gene is governed by a single recessive gene. Of the 140 RAPD primers, 45 primers showing polymorphism in parents were screened using bulked segregant analysis. Three primers amplified specific polymorphic fragments viz. OPB‐07_600, OPC‐06₁₇₅₀ and OPB‐12₈₂₀. The marker OPB‐07₆₀₀ was more closely linked (6.8 cM) with a MYMV resistance gene as compared to OPC‐06₁₇₅₀ (22.8 cM) and OPB‐12₈₂₀ (25.2 cM). The resistance‐specific fragment OPB‐07₆₀₀ was cloned, sequenced and converted into a sequence‐characterized amplified region (SCAR) marker and validated in twenty genotypes with different genetic backgrounds.     

山东省绿豆品种主要农艺性状调查分析及筛选研究

对山东省33个绿豆品种的8个农艺性状进行了调查及相关性分析。结果表明:分枝数、单位面积产量、单株荚数变异度较大,株高、荚长、主茎节数、百粒重变异度中等,单荚粒数变异度最小。籽粒大小以中粒型为主,占78.79%。单位面积产量与荚长呈极显著正相关性,与百粒重呈显著正相关性,与株高呈极显著负相关,与主茎节数呈显著负相关性,与其他性状相关性不显著。株高与主茎节数、荚长与单荚粒数和百粒重、分枝数与单株荚数呈极显著正相关,株高与单荚粒数呈显著正相关,株高与单株荚数呈显著负相关。因此,在品种选育或品种改良过程中,可以根据不同绿豆品种特性和农艺性状之间的相关性,严格选择,获得高产、粒大、植株矮健的优良品种。综合33个绿豆品种各性状表现及相关性分析,获得综合性状优异、产量较高的绿豆材料3份。     

Detection of quantitative trait loci for mungbean yellow mosaic India virus (MYMIV) resistance in mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) in India and Pakistan

Yellow mosaic disease (YMD) is one of the major diseases affecting mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek). In this study, we report the mapping of the quantitative trait locus (QTL) for mungbean yellow mosaic India virus (MYMIV) resistance in mungbean. An F₈ recombinant inbred line (RIL) mapping population was generated in Thailand from a cross between NM10-12-1 (MYMIV resistance) and KPS2 (MYMIV susceptible). One hundred and twenty-two RILs and their parents were evaluated for MYMIV resistance in infested fields in India and Pakistan. A genetic linkage map was developed for the RIL population using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Composite interval mapping identified five QTLs for MYMIV resistance: three QTLs for India (qYMIV1, qYMIV2 and qYMIV3) and two QTLs for Pakistan (qYMIV4 and qYMIV5). qYMIV1, qYMIV2, qYMIV3, qYMIV4 and qYMIV5 explained 9.33%, 10.61%, 12.55%, 21.93% and 6.24% of variation in disease responses, respectively. qYMIV1 and qYMIV4 appeared to be the same locus and were common to a major QTL for MYMIV resistance in India identified previously using a different resistant mungbean.     

Weeds and Shifting Cultivation

Abstract

Traditional labour-intensive methods of weed control which are normally associated with shifting cultivation are evaluated and compared with the use of herbicides and improved cultural practices. Problems occurring in shifting cultivation, such as weed seed dormancy, erosion and changing weed population; and methods of reducing the weed problem are discussed.     

Infection of mungbean seed by Macrophomina phaseolina is more likely to result from localized pod infection than from systemic plant infection

The ubiquitous fungal pathogen Macrophomina phaseolina is best known as causing charcoal rot and premature death when host plants are subject to post‐flowering stress. Overseas reports of M. phaseolina causing a rapid rot during the sprouting of Australian mungbean seed resulted in an investigation of the possible modes of infection of seed. Isolations from serial portions of 10 mungbean plants naturally infected with the pathogen revealed that on most plants there were discrete portions of infected tissue separated by apparently healthy tissue. The results from these studies, together with molecular analysis of isolates collected from infected tissue on two of the plants, suggested that aerial infection of aboveground parts by different isolates is common. Inoculations of roots and aboveground parts of mungbean plants at nine temperature × soil moisture incubation combinations and of detached green pods strongly supported the concept that seed infection results from infection of pods by microsclerotia, rather than from hyphae growing systemically through the plant after root or stem infection. This proposal is reinforced by anecdotal evidence that high levels of seed infection are common when rainfall occurs during pod fill, and by the isolation of M. phaseolina from soil peds collected on pods of mungbean plants in the field. However, other experiments showed that when inoculum was placed within 130 mm of a green developing pod and a herbicide containing paraquat and diquat was sprayed on the inoculated plants, M. phaseolina was capable of some systemic growth from vegetative tissue into the pods and seeds.     

Plant analysis diagnostic indices for boron nutrition of mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) cultivars grown in a rainfed calcareous soil

Boron requirement of mungbean was assessed from yield response curves based on field experiment during 2010-11. Four cultivars, i.e., NM-11, NM-2006, Chakwal Mung-2006 and AZRI Mung-2006 were grown in a boron (B)-deficient calcareous soil by applying B at 0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 kg ha^?I. Boron application significantly increased grain yield and B uptake by all the mungbean cultivars over control. Maximum grain yield increases were: cv. NM-11, 20%; cv. NM-2006, 24%; cv. Chakwal Mung-2006, 26%; and cv. AZRI Mung-2006, 28%. The cultivars varied in B efficiency and cv. NM-11 was most B efficient (83%) while cv. AZRI Mung-2006 was the least B efficient (78%). Fertilizer B requirement (kg ha^?1) for 95% of the maximum grain yield was: 0.60 for cv. AZRI Mung-2006, 0.70 for cv. Chakwal Mung-2006, 0.75 for cv. NM-2006, and 0.85 for cv. NM-11. Plant tissue critical B concentration in leaves was higher than in seeds.     

绿豆高产栽培技术

绿豆生产要达到高产、高效的目的,要选择优良品种,采取科学的栽培技术,搞好病虫害预防和防治。