Modeling to assess growth respiration of stems inPinus densiflora trees

Multiple regression analyses were applied to the respiration data obtained by an excision method to distinguish between maintenance and growth respiration in stems ofPinus densiflora. Among several types of regression models, a few models showed marked stability of coefficient of growth related respiration that are independent of degrees of correlation between predictors and any combinations of predictors. These models predicted growth respiration as 0.45 g CO₂ g (dry weight)⁻¹. At 15°C, sapwood maintenance respiration rate was estimated to 0.72 mg CO₂ g⁻¹ day⁻¹. These estimates were not different from the results obtained with standing trees.     

2006年特大干旱中森林植被对农作物的防护作用

2006年四川发生了百年一遇的特大干旱。按照自然地理条件相近、森林覆盖率有较大差异的原则;同时,在同一行政区内按森林覆盖率的高低分成对照组。在县层面上,共3对对比县,在乡层面上共7对对比乡。对比县中,森林覆盖率高的一组森森覆盖率为34.20%～52.29%,平均为43.16%,森林覆盖率低的一组为16.60%～27.28%,平均为20.84%;对比乡镇中,森林覆盖率高的一组森林覆盖率为28.50%～56.23%,平均为41.29%,森林覆盖率低的一组为10.70%～19.12%,平均为14.61%。在干旱后期,调查了四川盆地丘陵区9个县14个乡镇主要农作物(水稻、玉米和红薯)的受灾率、成灾率和绝收率。调研结果表明,森林对农业的旱情具有一定的缓解作用。在县层次上,与森林覆盖率低的相比,森林覆盖率高的主要农作物(水稻、玉米和红薯)的平均受灾率、成灾率、绝收率分别降低16.6%、16.2%、4.0%;在乡镇层次上,与森林覆盖率低的相比,森林覆盖率高的主要农作物(水稻、玉米和红薯)的平均受灾率、成灾率、绝收率分别降低20.3%、19.7%、12.7%;与无农田防护林网相比,有农田防护林网的水稻平均受灾率、成灾率分别降低5.8%、22.8%,没有绝收现象,而无防护林的水稻平均绝收率为6.5%。     

早园竹早出高产留种竹技术试验研究

早园竹早出高产留种竹试验结果表明,采用配方施肥(每年分别在11～12月、2～3月、5～6月、9月、11月施肥,每公顷共施尿素1500～1800kg,氯化钾375～450kg,钙镁磷肥300～375kg,有机畜肥45000～60000kg),同时以竹叶、砻糠、竹叶稻草,砻糠稻草4种材料覆盖早竹地,与试验前相比,产量和产值分别增长240.12％和15.2倍,投入与产出比为1:9.55,最高达1:16.18,效益十分显著。     

基于多指标区间数关联分析的相对隶属度方法

针对具有区间数的多指标决策问题,借鉴一种逼近于理想点(TOPS IS)分析方法的思想,采用区间数灰色关联度的计算方法,对正、负关联度,利用相对隶属度方法对多方案进行排序,给出了解决区间数多指标决策问题的计算步骤.本文将整个评价方案看作一个整体来寻求正、负理想方案,该方法避免了区间数难以排序的问题,具有可理解性和可操作性.最后给出实例以验证该方法的有效性和实用性.     

闽东桉树品系造林效果综合评价研究

选择福建省有一定栽培面积的7个桉树品系,在永泰县的三个海拔带分别采用随机区组,3次重复的试验设计,运用多目标决策原理,进行综合评价研究,结果表明在永泰山地造林综合指标表现最好的为尾赤桉201;其次为尾园桉184、尾巨桉3229、赤桉9号、巨尾桉C6、;比较差的为巨桉A5、柳窿桉9号。在本地区,包括整个闽东Ⅱ08桉树引种小区,发展桉树宜提倡使用尾赤桉201。     

多重集合的运算研究与应用

集合是现代数学中最基本的概念之一,并已深入到各种学科和技术领域中.而作为集合概念扩展的多重集合概念,却少有应用.通过对多重集合进行系统研究,提出了多重集合的包含、相等、多重幂集,以及多重集合补集等相关概念和运算,建立了多重集合完善的理论体系,并给出了多重集合在古典概率中的应用.为进一步研究多重集合在各种学科和技术领域中的应用打下了良好的基础.     

沱江上游深丘地区不同立地土壤抗蚀性、渗透性及其影响因素

通过对沱江上游深丘地区不同立地土壤抗蚀性、渗透性与其各影响因素进行了研究,分析了土壤物理性状各因素及草本盖度、林分类型、郁闭度单独及综合对土壤抗蚀性、渗透性产生的影响,找出了不同立地条件下影响土壤抗蚀性、渗透性的主导因素,并结合当地情况初步探讨了成因,以期为土壤改良措施的选择提供依据。研究发现:1)该地区人为干扰严重,整体上土壤砂性较重,土壤物理结构较差,不利于保水保肥;2)该区影响土壤抗蚀性和渗透性的主导因素为林分类型和林下植被盖度,其中混交林提高土壤抗蚀性和渗透性,改良土壤的效果最好。     

雷竹四季出笋高效经营技术研究

对竹园地进行温、肥、水条件的调节控制试验结果表明：在温度适宜、养分充足、水分满足的情况下,竹园竹林一年四季都能出笋,并能在1～2月市场最高价时大量出笋,每公顷鲜笋产量达23.048t,产值达283574.80元,提高了竹林的经济效益。     

浅谈当前森林覆盖率计算的两个公式

介绍计算森林覆盖率的2个公式,指出应该用(2)式计算森林覆盖率.分析了有林地面积、国家特别规定灌木林地面积、灌木林地面积与森林覆盖率的关系.     

Using model scenarios to predict and evaluate forest-management impacts on soil base saturation at landscape level

Silviculture, forest conversion and technical tools of ecosystem management, such as forest liming, display their effects at the landscape level. Therefore their planning and control should take place at the same scale. The primary objective of this work was to assess soil chemical properties and their changes in relationship to ecosystem management, especially forest conversion and forest liming. We calculated scenario models, based on regression analysis, which allow such an examination in the context of understanding landscape processes which can be expected to operate in the sampling region. Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis was used to predict soil chemical attributes (base saturation, pH, C/N content and stock, exchangeable stocks of Ca and Mg) as indicators of site stability or off-site effects of forest ecosystems such as effects on clean drinking water from forested watersheds. Because of space limitations, in this paper only the modelling results of base saturation are presented. Base saturation was used as an integrative example for other soil chemical properties. The transformation of measurements to the regional scale, i.e., the regionalization, was calculated for the forested parts of two test regions in the Black Forest on the basis of measured chemical properties of 90–150 soil profiles per test region. The models have a spatial resolution of 50×50 m, which is a spatial scale relevant for forestry practice and forest management. Topographic variables (e.g., elevation, aspect, slope gradient, and slope length), the stratigraphic classification of the geologic substrate, stand characteristics from forest inventory data, and finally technical information about forest liming were the auxiliary variables (secondary site properties) that provided indirect information about base saturation and were available for the whole forested area of the test regions. Base saturation could be predicted with an accuracy of ~50–70% (in terms of the multiple R²) by using these properties as predictor variables in multiple linear regression analyses. The explained proportion of variance was unexpectedly high considering the high geomorphological heterogeneity of the two test regions. Based upon the regionalization models, it was possible to establish scenarios showing the landscape-related effects on base saturation that may be achieved by forest conversion towards a higher proportion of forests with broad-leaved mixed stands and by forest liming. These scenarios allow the interactions between several influencing factors and management strategies and the impacts on the target variable to be synoptically judged. Thus the presented regionalization models achieve the role of decision support tools for the planning of forest management at the landscape level. They allow an assessment of the environmental effects of forest management strategies in terms of site sustainability or preservation of water resources in forested catchments.