Ascertainment of the Cost of Construction Product in Construction Tendering and Bidding

The Tendering and Bidding Law" states that the bidder should not compete bidding through quoted price lower the cost, but it does not ascertain the meaning of the cost of building product. It is the purpose of this paper to ascertain the meaning of the building product cost. The calculation bases of both the social average product cost and of the enterprise individual product cost are analyzed and they are compared with each other. The authors point out that for some enterprise there is individual product cost lower the social average product cost. The function of design mechanism of bidding is revealing "private information" on "the lowest price". The purpose of carrying out bidding is introducing competition, reducing the cost for the owner and realizing the maximum yield. Both indicate the cost of building product, mentioned in "The Tendering and Bidding Law" should be the enterprise individual product cost.     

MULTIOBJECTIVE FRACTIONAL PROGRAMMING WITH SET FUNCTIONS

Systematically discusses the fundamental theorems of weak efficient solution, efficient solution and properly efficient solution for multiobjective fractional programming problems with set functions. Under suitable conditions, we give some theorems connecting multiobjective fractional programming with set functions and its scalarization problems as well as the corresponding saddle point problems.     

Dual Theory of Nonsmcoth Multiobjective Programming with Set Functions

In this paper,for a nonsmooth multiobjective programming with set functions,Wolfe type duality and MondWeir type duality are established. Weak dual theorem,direct dual the-orem and in verse dual theorem about effictent solution are discussed.     

在游戏中健康成长——儿童游戏场地设计理念探索

儿童游戏场地的设计是景观设计的一个重要专项,是景观设计从业者常常会接触到的场地设计类型。文章在儿童游戏场地设计基本原则的基础上,分析国内儿童游戏场地的现状,并对国内外优秀案例进行剖析,深入分析可以让儿童在游戏中健康成长的场地设计理念,强调儿童游戏场地的设计应让儿童在游戏中得到创造启发和社会体验。     

广州亚运无疫区动物疫病监测与净化

科学、有效地开展动物疫病监测对动物疫病预防、控制、净化和消灭具有重要的作用,广州亚运无疫区在进行区域化管理的基础上开展动物疫病监测。根据监测结果,在风险分析基础上对监测阳性动物进行处理。广州亚运无疫区建设过程中采用的监测方案顺利通过了OIE、欧盟等的评估,对广州亚运无疫区的顺利建成起到了重要作用。     

浅析体育游戏在体育教学中的运用

体育游戏是以健身、益智、提高人体运动技能为目的的运动游戏,其种类、形式多种多样,基本特征是大众性、普及性和娱乐性。创编和选择适用于体育教学的体育游戏原则是:内容和形式健康,并利于思想品德教育;有趣味性、有时代感、简单易行。在体育教学课的准备活动阶段、身体素质练习和技术技能教学阶段以及后期的整理活动阶段,均可创编和选用适宜的体育游戏(例举了多种体育游戏实例)来辅助完成教学,提高教学质量。     

基于J2ME的手机网络游戏的设计与实现

在科技迅猛发展的今天,伴随着信息技术和通信技术不断革新的同时,智能手机的普及也使手机硬件及软件功能日益发展壮大。现在的智能手机功能除了体现在通信方面外更多的是游戏和娱乐方面的价值。在手机游戏中我们可以利用手机自带的蓝牙无线传输功能进行游戏联机对战,这样会更加稳定方便。本文以斗地主游戏为研究对象,结合J2ME和蓝牙技术实现了双人联网的对战游戏。     

多目标优化设计的评价函数

针对目前求解多目标优化设计使用的评价函数存在的缺陷，建立多目标优化设计的评价准则，由此而构造一新型的评价函数．理论证明这一评价函数的最优解为多目标优化的有效解，并通过算例分析比较其优越性．     

我国中小企业融资博弈模型

中小企业融资是一个世界性难题,本文主要从银行角度,通过我国中小企业与银行的博弈模型分析中小企业外部融资难的成因,建议可从进一步完善中小企业法律法规体系,建立健全中小企业信用信息体系和中小银行体系,完善中小企业贷款担保体系、担保保险体系和中小企业服务体系,拓展中小企业多渠道融资体系等方面着手缓解我国中小企业融资困境。     

The Wye College Irrigation Game

An irrigation management role-playing game is described. The game aims to provide experience of the problems and complexities of real irrigation management issues, and practice in the application of basic theoretical concepts and methods which are relevant to the successful operation and maintenance of an irrigation scheme. Players acting as farmers or as scheme managers make decisions regarding the operation of a scheme which are processed by micro-computer. Experience shows that the game can achieve its training objectives, stimulates discussion of a wide range of factors affecting the success of irrigation schemes and has the potential for further development.