Summer atmospheric boundary layer structure in the hinterland of Taklimakan Desert,China

Understanding the characteristics of the structure of desert atmospheric boundary layer and its land surface process is of great importance to the simulations of regional weather and climate.To investigate the atmospheric boundary layer structure and its forming mechanism of Taklimakan Desert,and to improve the accuracy and precision of regional weather and climate simulations,we carried out a GPS radiosonde observation experiment in the hinterland of Taklimakan Desert from 25 June to 3 July,2015.Utilizing the densely observed sounding data,we analyzed the vertical structures of daytime convective boundary layer and nighttime stable boundary layer in summer over this region,and also discussed the impacts of sand-dust and precipitation events on the desert atmospheric boundary layer structure.In summer,the convective boundary layer in the hinterland of Taklimakan Desert developed profoundly and its maximum height could achieve 4,000 m;the stable boundary layer at nighttime was about 400–800-m thick and the residual mixing layer above it could achieve a thickness over 3,000 m.Sand-dust weather would damage the structures of nighttime stable boundary layer and daytime convective boundary layer,and the dust particle swarm can weak the solar radiation absorbed by the ground surface and further restrain the strong development of convective boundary layer in the daytime.Severe convective precipitation process can change the heat from the ground surface to the atmosphere in a very short time,and similarly can damage the structure of desert atmospheric boundary layer remarkably.Moreover,the height of atmospheric boundary layer was very low when raining.Our study verified the phenomenon that the atmospheric boundary layer with supernormal thickness exists over Taklimakan Desert in summer,which could provide a reference and scientific bases for the regional numerical models to better represent the desert atmospheric boundary layer structure.     

Long-term effects of mowing on plasticity and allometry of Leymus chinensis in a temperate semi-arid grassland,China

Mowing is an important land management practice for natural semi-arid regions.A growing body of empirical evidence shows that different mowing regimes affect the functioning of grassland ecosystems.However,the responses of plant functional traits to long-term mowing and their allometric scaling under long-term mowing are poorly understood.For a better understanding of the effects of mowing on grassland ecosystems,we analyzed the allometric traits of leaves and stems of Leymus chinensis(Trin.) Tzvel.,a dominant grass species in eastern Eurasian temperate grassland,at different mowing intensities(no clipping,clipping once every two years,once a year and twice a year).Experiments were conducted on plots established over a decade ago in a typical steppe of Xilinhot,Inner Mongolia,China.Results showed that most of the functional traits of L.chinensis decreased with the increased mowing intensity.The responses of leaves and stems to long-term mowing were asymmetric,in which leaf traits were more stable than stem traits.Also significant allometric relationships were found among most of the plant functional traits under the four mowing treatments.Sensitive traits of L.chinensis(e.g.leaf length and stem length) were primary indicators associated with aboveground biomass decline under high mowing intensity.In conclusion,the allometric growth of different functional traits of L.chinensis varies with different long-term mowing practices,which is likely to be a strategy used by the plant to adapt to the mowing disturbances.     

基于景观格局的榆阳区生态脆弱性评价

为了定量评价榆阳区生态脆弱性的空间差异,为区域土地利用规划和环境保护提供依据,选取景观分维数、破碎度、连通性和优势度4个景观格局指数,以及人类活动干扰强度、地形指数、景观与荒地的邻接度,从生态系统压力度、敏感性和恢复力3个方面出发构建生态系统脆弱度评价模型,对榆阳区主要的生态系统及各乡镇的生态脆弱性进行了综合定量的分析和评价。结果表明:各生态系统中,水体的生态脆弱性最高,为0.319 3,草地和林地次之,分别为0.095 9,0.068 4,耕地最低,为0.047 4;24个乡镇中,小纪汗乡、榆阳镇、鱼河镇和鱼河峁镇最高,分别为0.056 6,0.058 8,0.057 5,0.059 9,岔河则乡最低,为0.019 8;空间上,生态脆弱性由中部向东、西两个方向逐渐减弱;从区域上来看,生态脆弱性南部黄土丘陵沟壑区>中部过渡区>风沙草滩区;景观分布格局,地形,矿区、居民点等人为干扰是影响生态脆弱性空间分异的主要原因。     

黄土高原农村地区耕地流转模式及效益分析——以宁夏原州区为例

耕地流转是我国"三农"问题研究的热点之一。在总结国内外耕地流转相关研究成果和对研究区进行实地考察的基础上,按照耕地经营主体性质归纳了当前黄土高原农村地区耕地流转的主要模式,基于农户家庭收支状况建立了农户家庭收益测算方法,分析了不同耕地流转模式的农民增收效益,并对耕地流转的社会、生态效益进行了评价。结果表明,当前耕地流转在黄土高原地区发展迅速,有42.5%的农户参与了耕地流转,耕地流转后,农民增收效益显著。不同耕地流转模式的农民增收效益存在明显差异,农业合作社带动模式的农户增收效益最明显,农户家庭收益达12 072.99元;农户自发模式的社会效益和生态效益非常显著。龙头企业主导模式极大促进了耕地规模经营但农民增收效益有限,而政府引导模式的经济、社会、生态效益最为均衡。地理环境对黄土高原地区耕地流转模式的选择具有决定性影响。     

蓝莓观光果园的开发现状与发展对策研究——借鉴法国葡萄酒庄园发展模式

中国的蓝莓观光果园在近几年来犹如雨后春笋般纷纷涌现,随之而来的各种问题也是层出不穷,严重影响了蓝莓观光果园的长远发展。法国的葡萄酒庄园享誉世界,在生产模式、管理体系以及文化传承等方面值得我国学习和借鉴。在总结法国葡萄酒庄园成功发展经验的基础上,针对国内3个比较典型的蓝莓观光果园,进行了开发现状与发展对策研究,提出了适合其长远发展的合理化建议。     

基于GIS的江苏丘陵地区乡村景观格局特征分析——以南京市六合区金牛湖创意农业科技园区为例

以南京市六合区金牛湖创意农业科技园区为研究区,以土地利用现状数据为数据源,采用GIS技术,通过对研究区的斑块密度、斑块形状、多样性、破碎度等指数的计算、分析和对比,揭示研究区内景观结构的空间特征。研究结果表明,研究区是一个以农业为景观背景的地区,土地利用结构不尽合理,景观异质性差,多样性程度不高,景观斑块类型相对单一,分布存在不平衡现象。耕地为基质景观且相对集中,受地形和人类活动影响最大,不稳定性最高。在此基础上,提出了该研究区域景观格局优化的建议。     

江西省福寿螺分布现状及其在稻田的消长动态

通过野外实地调查以及田间抽样系统调查的方法,对福寿螺在江西省范围内的发生分布及其在稻田的消长规律进行了研究。调查发现,2015年福寿螺已分布在江西省的34个县市区,发生总面积为55 586 hm~2;田间抽样系统调查结果表明,江西省早稻田中福寿螺在6月中旬出现成螺高峰期,在7月上旬出现产卵高峰期,1代幼螺高峰期出现在7月上中旬;在中稻田中,福寿螺成螺和幼螺高峰均出现在8月中下旬,产卵高峰出现在8月下旬;双季晚稻田福寿螺成螺和幼螺在10月上中旬达高峰,产卵高峰期出现在10月中下旬。长期浅水灌溉处理稻田的福寿螺消长规律与干湿交替处理的相似,其成螺、幼螺和卵块密度与干湿交替处理稻田的无明显差异,表明干湿交替处理稻田对福寿螺种群增长无明显抑制作用。     

桑天牛越冬幼虫的空间分布与抽样技术

为明确桑天牛（Apriona germari Hope）越冬幼虫的空间分布,采用6种聚集度指标（m*/m,C,k,Iδ,I,CA）和2种回归模型（Taylor的幂法则和m*-m）测定其空间分布,并利用Blackith种群聚集均数λ解析该幼虫种群的聚集成因。结果表明,其呈均匀分布,建立了桑天牛越冬幼虫抽样数公式（N=t2（1.0097m-0.1971）/D2）和序贯抽样模型（T（n）=0.2n± 0.4405）,该模型可为桑天牛的预测预报及防治提供理论依据。     

浙江乡村流动空间格局及其形成影响因素——基于淘宝村和旅游村的分析

随着互联网和现代交通的发展,乡村日益被连接在一个以信息流动为基础的网络里,乡村流动空间正在兴起。以淘宝村和旅游村为例,采用最近邻点指数、局部空间自相关、核密度等方法对浙江乡村流动空间的总体分布格局、结构模式及形成影响因素进行了分析。研究表明,以淘宝村和旅游村为表征的浙江乡村流动空间节点总体上表现为“集聚型”分布状态,但在县域空间尺度上存在显著的分布差异。分布密度表现出面状集聚和点状低密度两种形态相结合的空间分布特征,其中,面状集聚分布是主要形态,并呈现典型的多中心形态,在各面状集聚区之间夹杂着小规模离散散点分布。浙江乡村流动空间格局呈现出“巢状”网络化结构模式,具有动态变化性、弹性和网络性特征。影响乡村流动空间分布及其“巢状”网络化结构的因素主要是互联网与交通、乡村资源禀赋、知识与创新及政府行为等传统因素和信息时代的新因素。     

郑州市宠物源大肠杆菌生物被膜表型与耐药谱型分析

为分析郑州市宠物源大肠杆菌的生物被膜表型与耐药谱型,分别采用微量肉汤稀释法和改良结晶紫法对194株宠物源大肠杆菌进行耐药率和生物被膜形成能力检测。结果表明,弱生物被膜表型菌株比例最高,占63.4%;耐药谱多样性是造成生物被膜形成能力差异的主要原因,但耐药谱中抗菌药物种类对生物被膜表型能力的影响不明显。