东北黑土区不同季节侵蚀沟形态发育比较分析

侵蚀沟形态特征是了解沟蚀发生、发育的关键性因素,探究不同季节侵蚀沟形态参数变化特征对深入理解侵蚀沟的侵蚀过程和侵蚀沟的治理工作具有重要意义.选取黑龙江省海伦市光荣小流域内的3条侵蚀沟为研究对象,探究季节变化下侵蚀沟长度、面积、体积等形态参数值的差异.结果 表明:(1)不同季节侵蚀沟横断面形态由沟头到沟尾均呈现出由"V"...     

吉林省药用植物上的5种小蛾类害虫

通过现场观测和人工饲养的方法,连续多年调查研究吉林省药用植物害虫,并将草本药用植物上的小蛾类进行了汇总.结果 表明:发现并鉴定出10种药用植物小蛾,记述了其中5种小蛾的形态特征、发生时期及为害特点.黄芩舞蛾Prochoreutis myllerana (Fabricius)和黄纹野螟Pyrausta aurata Sc...     

转ipt基因杂交水稻F1的遗传特性及其主要农艺性状分析

通过对转基因恢复系转ipt R527和金23A杂交后代F1群体的DNA检测,检测到杂种F1群体中阳性植株和阴性植株的比例为7∶1,不符合孟德尔规律;考察了转ipt R527和金23A杂种F1的株高、单株产量、结实率、千粒重、穗长、穗粒数、穗数等7个性状,与对照(金优527)相比,结实率、千粒重、穗长高于对照,单株产量、穗粒数、穗数低于对照,农艺性状间的相关分析表明,千粒重和穗数是影响转基因杂种F1单株产量的重要因素。     

猪EPOR和MYPN基因SNPs检测及其与肉质、胴体性状关联分析

对EPOR、MYPN 2个候选基因进行SNPs检测,并与肉质性状的关联分析,以期为分子育种提供依据。采用PCR-SSCP及PCR-RFLP方法对目的基因片段进行SNPs检测,结果显示,在研究群体内,EPOR基因不存在SNP,而MYPN基因存在2个SNP。用SAS软件对MYPN基因的2个SNP位点与部分肉质、胴体性状进行关联分析,结果表明,在本试验群体中,SNP1对背膘厚、导电性、眼肌面积和肌内脂肪的影响都达到了显著水平(P＜0.05);SNP2对其中的背膘厚和肌内脂肪含量影响达到了显著水平(P＜0.05);另外性别、品种对部分性状也有较大影响（P＜0.05）。结合本研究结果和其它相关研究结果,可以推断MYPN基因可能是影响肉质、胴体性状的主效基因或与控制这些性状的主效基因连锁,可以作为肉质、胴体性状的候选基因。     

基于SRTM-DEM和TM的流动沙丘提取方法研究

以塔克拉玛干沙漠的流动沙丘地貌为例,进行数字地貌形态提取方法研究。首先,利用高精度Srtm-DEM数据派生出坡度和起伏度两个地形因子数据,并参考坡度和起伏度的分类指标,实现沙地和沙丘边界线的自动提取,将风成地貌按照形态特征区分出沙地和沙丘两种地貌类型。其次,利用数学分析方法,根据斑块指数值的大小初步确定复合流动沙丘的类型。最后,基于高空间分辨率的遥感影像的色调、纹理、结构等特征,建立典型流动沙丘地貌特征的遥感影像特征图谱,依据遥感图谱进一步确定复合流动沙丘的类型,实现典型复合流动沙丘地貌形态和成因特征的计算机智能化提取方法。研究结果表明:该方法目前可以实现流动沙丘中的复合型链垄状沙丘、复合型沙垄、穹状沙丘和蜂窝状沙丘的智能化提取。     

水稻杂种后代籽粒直链淀粉含量选择与品质和产量性状的关系

 选用4个稻米直链淀粉含量有显著差异的粳稻品种配制两个杂交组合（系选1号×通769和东农423×藤系180）,研究其杂交后代籽粒直链淀粉含量选择对品质和产量性状的影响。结果表明,籽粒直链淀粉含量选择对杂种后代蒸煮食味品质和产量相关性状有不同程度的影响,其影响程度因杂交组合及性状不同而异;在蒸煮食味品质性状中,淀粉黏滞性谱的崩解值和消减值受直链淀粉含量选择的影响较大,而在产量相关性状中抽穗期、单株有效穗数、结实率、单株粒重等受直链淀粉含量选择的影响相对较大;通过直链淀粉含量的连续定向选择可以从杂种后代中分出直链淀粉含量不同的后代,粳稻杂种后代低直链淀粉含量的定向选择效果优于高直链淀粉含量的选择效果,更容易得到超低亲的变异类型;直链淀粉含量的选择对杂种后代产量性状的影响较复杂,存在有利或不利的影响,低直链淀粉含量的选择将会导致单株粒重的下降。     

水稻苗期盐胁迫下叶绿素荧光参数的QTL分析

 应用247个株系组成的珍汕97B/密阳46重组自交系群体及其相应的含250个分子标记的高密度分子遗传图谱,通过复合区间作图法,对苗期水培和盐胁迫条件下水稻叶片叶绿素荧光参数进行了数量性状座位（QTL）分析。检测到控制水稻叶片叶绿素荧光参数（Fo、Fm和ΦPSⅡ）的7个主效应QTL,分布在水稻的第1、4、5和11染色体上,贡献率为598%～10.74%。其中,控制水培条件下Fm的QTL与控制盐胁迫下Fo的QTL均位于第5染色体的CDO82-RG413标记区间,说明此区间的QTL具有多效性,可同时影响Fm、Fo两个叶绿素荧光参数。     

Morphological development and nutritive value of herbage in five temperate grass species during primary growth: analysis of time dynamics

In a 2‐year field experiment, morphological development and measures of the nutritive value of herbage for livestock during primary growth in Meadow foxtail, Tall oatgrass, Cocksfoot, Perennial ryegrass and Yorkshire fog were investigated. All measured variables were affected significantly by both species and sampling date, and their interaction (P < 0·001), in the period of primary growth. Changes with time in mean stage weight for Meadow foxtail and Cocksfoot were different from the other species due to their indeterminate growth habits. Mean stage weight of Tall oatgrass and Yorkshire fog increased more rapidly than that of Perennial ryegrass with time. Changes in mean stage weight with time were described by linear, parabolic and sigmoid relationships. Crude protein (CP) concentration of herbage was higher for Cocksfoot and Meadow foxtail than for Perennial ryegrass. A parabolic relationship of CP concentration with time was typical for all the species. Concentrations of neutral‐detergent fibre (NDF) and acid‐detergent fibre (ADF) in herbage of the species differed most during the mid‐period of primary growth. Their increases with time showed curvilinear (sigmoid and parabolic) relationships. Perennial ryegrass had lower concentrations of both NDF and ADF in herbage than the other species. Differences between the in vitro dry matter (DM) digestibility among the grasses increased in mid‐ and late periods of primary growth. Perennial ryegrass had higher values for in vitro DM digestibility but the difference from other species was small in the early period of primary growth and from cocksfoot in the late period of primary growth. In vitro DM digestibility showed, in most cases, a sigmoid and, in others, a linear decrease with time. Principal component analysis showed that perennial ryegrass and meadow foxtail were the most distinctive of the species in characteristics relating to morphological development and the nutritive value of herbage to livestock.     

Investigating early vigour in upland rice (Oryza sativa L.): Part II. Identification of QTLs controlling early vigour under greenhouse and field conditions

Early vigour is an important characteristic for direct-seeded rice systems. The genetic control of early vigour was studied using a population of 129 backcross lines derived from a cross between Vandana, an improved indica, and Moroberekan, a traditional japonica. Screening was conducted under controlled conditions in greenhouse and field conditions, and indicators of early vigour, including shoot length, shoot biomass, leaf area, number of roots, root biomass, partitioning coefficients, and growth rates, were measured. Phenotypic correlations suggested that traits that were related and combined could be used to define early vigour. Broad-sense heritability ranged from moderate to high. Many regions were identified containing more than one QTL, suggesting that these traits were controlled by pleiotropic and/or closely linked QTLs. Many QTLs were specific to one environment but G × E interaction analysis showed that the main effects of the environment were large. Differences in temperature between experiments resulted in large differences in seedling age when expressed in thermal time. Different genes (QTLs) may be expected to control growth at different time intervals and thus may partly explain the limited agreement between experiments. However, several regions showed co-location of QTLs from more than one experiment. Comparisons with published studies revealed that these regions were previously identified in different genetic backgrounds and could potentially be used as introgression targets in a marker-assisted breeding program to improve germplasm for direct-seeded environments.     

QTL analysis of panicle morphology response to irrigation regime in aerobic rice culture

In water-efficient rice production, grain yield is often constrained by panicle size. The objective of this study was to genetically dissect the response of panicle morphology to irrigation regimes in aerobic rice culture. We grew ‘Akihikari’ (a lowland japonica cultivar) × ‘IRAT109’ (an upland japonica cultivar) backcross inbred lines in aerobic soils with full or limited irrigation for 2 years, and examined 4 panicle traits—number of florets per panicle (FPP), number of primary branches per panicle (BPP), number of florets per primary branch (FPB), and frequency of pre-flowering floret abortion (%FA)—and grain yield. QTLs for BPP were detected in both the irrigation regimes but QTLs for FPB and %FA were detected mostly only in either of the irrigation regimes. The QTL for FPP on chromosome 2 (RM3421–RM213) coincided with that for yield under full irrigation, showing that this QTL is related to sink capacity and yield potential in aerobic rice culture. On the other hand, the QTL for FPB on chromosome 1 (RM3148–RM243) coincided with that for yield under limited irrigation, when water deficit was moderate. The QTL for root axis length at vegetative stage, previously identified in the same mapping population, was located near this region. This study unravelled the complicated genetic control on panicle morphology in aerobic rice culture, and suggested the positive roles of the dehydration avoidance mechanism by vigorous root growth on panicle size and yield under dry soil conditions.