小麦抗麦红吸浆虫鉴定及筛选技术研究

通过３年小麦抗吸浆虫的品种鉴定及抗虫品种的选育,摸索出一套简便、易行的鉴定技术,并选育出３个抗吸浆虫小麦新品系。     

稻瘿蚊多抗性材料的聚合与创新

利用广西高抗稻瘿蚊地方品种GX-M001与已知抗性基因的抗蚊青占、HT1350（含GM6）和高产优质品种桂软占杂交,通过常规育种将GM6抗性基因导入到我的抗源品种GX-M001中,成功地将多抗性基因聚合在一起,培育出多抗性的创新材料。     

Calendar and degree-day requirements for emergence of adult Macroglenes penetrans (Kirby), an egg-larval parasitoid of wheat midge, Sitodiplosis mosellana (Géhin)

The chalcidoid wasp, Macroglenes penetrans (Kirby), is an important parasitoid of wheat midge, Sitodiplosis mosellana (Géhin), in Europe and western Canada. Emergence of adult wasps was evaluated at 12 sites in Saskatchewan in 1991-2000. Emergence was assessed in relation to calendar days and accumulated degree-days above five different threshold air temperatures. Male wasps emerged 1-2 days before the female wasps. Dates for 10%, 50% and 90% emergence of both wasp sexes were July 16, July 21 and July 30, respectively. Standard deviations (SD) indicated that emergence dates varied by 6.2-7.7 days. The variation in dates related to degree-day accumulations between March 1 and July 31. Wasps emerged 2-12 days earlier than expected at sites with the highest accumulation and 2-17 days later than expected at sites with the lowest accumulation. Accumulated degree-days above 9 °C provided the most accurate estimate of 10% emergence (450 DD, SD = 2.4 days) and 90% emergence (579 DD, SD = 5.0 days). Accumulated degree-days above 5 or 9 °C provided the most accurate estimate of 50% emergence (823 DD, SD = 3.0 days; 503 DD, SD = 3.1 days, respectively). Deviations between observed and expected emergence were greatest at sites with either low or high precipitation. In most instances, wasps emerged 1-8 days earlier than expected at sites that received 20-40 mm rain in May and 1-11 days later than expected at sites that received more than 145 mm rain in May and June. Degree-days above 5 or 9 °C minimized the variation at these sites. Emergence was re-assessed in 2008 and 2009. In both years, accumulated degree-days above 9 °C predicted 10%, 50% and 90% emergence within 0.1-2.2 days. Forecast maps, based on daily degree-day accumulations above 9 °C, would assist producers in monitoring their fields for the presence of wasps. Producers could also adjust the timing, rate and placement of sprays for control of wheat midge to protect and conserve the parasitoid.     

Weed competition in a cucumber crop

Abstract

Two field experiments were conducted on cucumber (var. Explorer) during 1979 in a randomised trial design with four replications on the red ferralitic soil of Havana province, Cuba. The effect on the crop of the following different treatments was established: weeded regularly for 20, 30 or 40 days after crop emergence and during the whole crop cycle; left unweeded for these same periods. The mean data of both experiments showed that the weed incidence for 20 or more days following crop emergence affects cucumber yields, causing losses of 100% if the weeds were not removed during the crop cycle. Good high yields, similar to those of the treatment weeded during the crop cycle, were obtained when the weeds were removed 30–40 days after crop emergence.     

菊花瘿蚊生活习性的研究

菊花瘿蚊是菊科植物一种重要害虫，其大规模发生严重影响我国药用菊花的产量和品质。主要研究菊花瘿蚊形态特征、年生活史、饲养条件、孵化规律和交配规律，为菊花瘿蚊的防治提供依据。     

华南抗稻瘿蚊分子标记辅助育种

亚洲稻瘿蚊(Orseolia oryzae Wood-Mason)是华南的主要水稻害虫.选育抗虫品种是最有效的生态控制方法.本文综述1998-2006年抗性育种的进展.用AFLP方法对从中国广东省7个地点采集的4个生物型的DAN指纹进行分析;在对用RAPD和SSR技术分别对抗中国4个稻瘿蚊生物型的基因Gm6精细定位基础上,用与Gm6紧密连锁的STS和SSR标记开展分子标记辅助育种,创造了一批抗稻瘿蚊的新种质,包括育成了6个栽培稻和6个二系杂交稻和1个三系杂交稻并在农户试种,在中国广东成功地建立了分子标记辅助选育抗稻瘿蚊品种的技术体系.     

水稻品种资源抗稻褐飞虱不同生物型和稻瘿蚊核心样品的综合评价

应用灰色关联度分析法对水稻品种资源抗稻褐飞虱不同生物型和稻瘿蚊中国Ⅳ型的核心样品进行综合评价。研究结果表明,在抗稻褐飞虱生物型Ⅱ、中抗稻褐飞虱生物型Ⅱ、抗稻褐飞虱盂加拉型、抗稻瘿蚊中国Ⅳ型的核心样品中,分别以IR29692—99—3—2—1、IR36、RP1579—1862—72—31—52、DUO KANG No．1与标准品种(粤香占)的关联度最大,在抗虫育种亲本选择时,可以作为首选抗源。     

山核桃花蕾蛆生物学特性及防治技术

山核桃花蕾蛆Contariniasp.在浙江临安1年发生1代,4月上旬起危害山核桃Carya cathayensis花,5月上中旬落地越夏越冬。在2005年危害期,选用喷雾和树干打孔滴药2种方法进行防治试验:喷雾选用400 g.kg-1毒丝本乳油,300 g.kg-1乙酰甲胺磷乳油,300 g.kg-1吡虫啉乳油和500 g.kg-1潜蝇灵粉剂,分别以1∶500,1∶800,1∶1000等3种比例进行试验,每个比例6个重复;树干上打孔滴药选用300 g.kg-1乙酰甲胺磷乳油和300 g.kg-1吡虫啉乳油,分别以1∶0,1∶1和1∶2等3种比例进行试验,每个比例6个重复。2种防治方法的试验效果,通过t检验存在极显著差异(P=0.00),喷雾法试验效果明显高于打孔滴药法。喷雾试验的平均防效为94.80%,打孔滴药试验的平均防效仅为2.40%。图2表6参8     

采用聚合杂交创新稻瘿蚊抗性育种材料

利用广西高抗稻瘿蚊的地方品种江潮为核心种质,与高抗稻瘿蚊的H71350和抗蚊青占进行抗抗聚合杂交,再用高产优质品种桂软占作轮回亲本进行回交,把来源于不同的抗源基因集合于优质高产品种中。通过聚合杂交、回交,低世代系谱选择、高世代集团选择方法,成功地将多种抗性基因聚合在一起,在后代群体中获得了3个抗性级别达0级的高抗品系,其抗性比各亲本更抗,实现了抗性基因重组聚合。     

抗稻瘿蚊和稻瘟病恢复系双抗明占的选育及抗性分析

双抗明占是携带有抗稻瘿蚊基因Gm6的抗蚊青占与多系1号杂交的后代,经多年多点自然诱发鉴定筛选出抗稻瘟病和稻瘿蚊的恢复系,并经分子标记检测具有Gm6基因。双抗明占及其配制的杂交稻经抗稻瘿蚊试验,结果表明:抗蚊青占与双抗明占及其配制的杂交稻组合之间差异不显著,而与没有抗源的恢复系明恢100及其配制的杂交稻组合金优明100之间存在着极显著的差异;双抗明占是三系不育系的强恢复系,用双抗明占配制的杂交稻组合特优明占表现高产、中抗稻瘟病。