黑河分水对中下游水环境的影响

黑河流域水资源紧缺,区域生态环境十分脆弱。分析表明分水对中游会产生一定的负效应:分水引起地表水与地下水转化减弱,同时对地下水的开采有增加的趁势,叠加作用的结果使得中游地区水环境恶化,地下水位下降1.3~2.7 m,地下水储量减少约8.2×108m3,给中游绿洲植物的生长带来潜在威胁;而对下游有一定的正效应,增加了下游的入境水量,下游的河岸地下水位抬升幅度在横向上0.4~0.6 m,纵向上0.3~3.1 m,有效地改善了下游的水环境,从而使下游的生态环境的恶化得到一定程度的遏制,植被覆盖明显增加。但对黑河中、下游水质变化监测还需要进一步加强。     

秋延迟中小棚芹菜栽培技术

中小棚秋延后芹菜是河南省蔬菜的主要栽培类型,栽培好延后的芹菜需要选用适宜品种,培育壮苗,秧苗基本达到适龄壮苗标准,应及时安排定植,覆盖草苫等不透明覆盖物后,要根据天气状况及时揭盖草苫、苇毛苫,当芹菜植株高达60.0cm以上时,可根据市场需要,选晴暖天气收获上市。     

长江中游(湖北段)江岸带立地分类与评价

本文针对长江中游 (湖北段 ) 92 0km河段及其主要支流河流地貌类型、河型、岸堤侵蚀和成土过程等特点 ,提出长江中游 (湖北段 )江岸带立地分类系统与评价体系。划分出 2个立地类型小区、1 1个立地类型组、2 2个立地亚组、43个立地类型。为实现适区、适布局、适地、适树提供了科学的决策依据     

全国森林防火中长期发展规划关键问题初探

森林防火规划是森林防火工作的重要组成部分。全国一期森林防火规划实施即将结束,二期规划的编制已经启动。文章对一期规划的成效和存在的问题进行分析,藉此,对二期规划的范围、布局、重点、保障等关键问题进行阐述。     

石家庄市第二十二中学庭院景观设计

本设计以一中学校园的中庭为设计对象,运用园林设计的一些基本理论和手法,对该中学庭院园林景观进行了整体构思及景点详细设计,体现了因地制宜,适地造景的设计理念,设计中突破了以往传统的思维模式,在景观轴的处理及各种水景之间的连续与衔接方面进行了一些大胆的尝试,结合适当的植物配置,创造出了具有一定特色的校园园林景观.     

木麻黄优良无性系在山地引种栽培试验

通过福建中部山地引种木麻黄造林试验,5 a的研究结果表明:木麻黄无性系与实生苗造林保存率都较高,分别达到98.15%和96.8%,差异不显著。试验还表明,采用木麻黄无性系造林,其树高、胸径、材积的生长明显优于木麻黄实生苗的生长速度。前者比后者三项主要指标的生长量增加25.0%、26.5%和94.2%,差异较为显著。采用木麻黄优良无性系造林,其林木干型通直、冠幅大、林相整齐;应用实生苗造林,个体分化较大、生长参差不齐。     

昆明市云南松梢木蠹象危害情况调查

云南松梢木蠹象(Pissodes sp.)主要危害云南松(Pinus yunnanensis)幼树,目前仅在昆明市嵩明县大哨乡海拔2 200～2 600m范围内的云南松纯林以及混交林幼林中发生.通过3年的调查,基本掌握了该虫的危害程度及危害特点.调查结果表明大哨乡云南松梢木蠹象危害严重时期松林受害面积达351hm2,其补充营养株率、枝干受害株率、危害指数分别为90.5%、37.1%、42.1%;枝干受害株率和危害指数与该虫补充营养株率之间存在明显相关性.     

智慧苹果园“空-天-地”一体化监控系统设计与研究

针对传统苹果园存在的数据监测体系不完善、管理缺乏科学数据等问题,开发了一种苹果园“空-天-地”一体化监控系统。综合应用卫星遥感、无人机、农业物联网、人工智能等现代信息与智能装备技术,集成果园信息采集装置套件,并基于SSM框架（SpringMVC、Spring、Mybatis）构建果园监测集成数据中台。通过果园“空-天-地”一体化的信息技术采集体系集成创新和基于AI的苹果病虫害图像识别应用,实现覆盖果园土壤、生态环境、果树个体及群体的立体化监测服务功能,提高果园监测效率与数据可信度,对促进苹果园生产管理向着科学化、数字化、智能化转变的新业态升级具有重要研究意义。     

The use of antibiotics on small dairy farms in rural Peru

Very little is known about the use of antibiotics on small dairy farms in lower/middle-income countries. The use of these drugs can have profound impacts on animal health, farmer income and public health. A survey of 156 farmers was conducted in Cajamarca, a major dairy-producing center in the highlands of Peru characterized by small farms (<15 cows) to assess patterns and determinants of antibiotic use and farmers’ knowledge of antibiotics. The reported incidence of disease on these farms was relatively low (0.571 episodes of disease per cow-year), but more than 83% of the reported episodes were treated with antibiotics. The most commonly used antibiotics were oxytetracycline, penicillin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole drugs; antiparasitic drugs were also used to treat what were likely bacterial infections. An increased incidence of treated disease was significantly associated with smaller farm size, lower farmer income, the previous use of the Californian Mastitis test on the farm and antibiotic knowledge. Farmers’ knowledge of antibiotics was assessed with a series of questions on antibiotics, resulting in a “knowledge score”. Increased knowledge was significantly associated with the use of antibiotics for preventative reasons, the purchase of antibiotics from feed-stores, the experience of complications in animals after having administered antibiotics, the number of workers on the farm and the educational level of the farmer. Overall, antibiotics appeared to be used infrequently, most likely because therapeutic interventions were sought only when the animal had reached an advanced stage of clinical disease. Few farmers were able to define an antibiotic, but many farmers understood that the use of antibiotics carried inherent risks to their animals and potentially to the consumers of dairy products from treated animals. The results of this study are useful for understanding the patterns of antibiotic use and associated management, demographic and knowledge factors of farmers on small dairy farms in rural Peru.     

两优959在海南三亚的种植表现及高产栽培技术

两优959是湖南杂交水稻研究中心自选的籼型两系杂交中稻新组合,2011冬季到2012年春在海南省三亚警备区农场南繁试验基地试种0.08 hm2,经专家现场测产验收,实收产量达到10.77 t/hm2。示范种植表明：两优959株型理想、结实率好、千粒重大、后期落色好,耐肥抗倒。在栽培管理方面,主要注意适时播种,培育壮秧,小苗移栽,合理施肥,适度密植,科学管水分和预防结合的控制病虫害。