不同元素配施对玉米营养吸收的影响

盒栽试验结果表明：在此土壤条件下，施钾和微量元素对根系的发育有促进作用，有效地防止早衰，使其活秆成熟；硫酸锌和稀土对植株的生长无促进作用，三元素复合肥配施复合微肥效果最好；钾能促进氮从根系往植株体运输，稀土不利于氮素向籽实转移，锌和复合微肥对氮的吸收无明显作用；各种微量元素对磷的吸收无明显影响；氮磷肥有助于钾的吸收和运输；ZnSO4和稀土可能延迟钾的吸收，随着生育时期的延迟，植株和根系的含钾量随之降低。     

黑龙港流域古河道细质沙土微肥有效性的研究

本文采用土壤农化分析手段和田间生物试验方法,评价黑龙港流域古河道细质沙土施用微量元素的有效性。结果表明:该地区土壤肥力低,严重缺乏氮、磷等大量元素;土壤有效微量元素锌、铁和硼含量均低于临界浓度;花生施用锌、铁、硼和钼肥分别增产13.9%。12.0%,8.0%和3.0%,小麦喷施锌、锰肥分别增产16.2%和4.8%。     

喷施稀土和微肥对小白菜硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐含量及其他品质的影响

通过田间小区试验,于2002年和2003年在湖南长沙地区研究了红菜园土和冲积菜园土条件下喷施稀土肥、铜肥、钼肥、锌肥、锰肥和硼肥对小白菜硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐含量及其他品质的影响。结果表明,喷施钼肥和锰肥能显著降低小白菜硝酸盐含量,也显著增强了硝酸盐还原酶的活性;各处理小白菜亚硝酸盐含量均没有超标;在小白菜生长旺期后喷施稀土和微肥没有明显影响蔬菜产量;红菜园土上蔬菜产量明显高于冲积菜园土上蔬菜产量。     

滨海沙土微量元素与木麻黄生长的关系

本文探讨了广东滨海沙土中微量元素B、Mo、Mn、Cu、Zn与木麻黄生长的关系,结果表明:B、Mo有利于促进生长与抗病,Cu含量高对生长有抑制作用,其余的作用不明显。     

Widespread Deficiencies of Sulfur,Boron, and Zinc in Indian Semi-Arid Tropical Soils: On-Farm Crop Responses

On-farm studies were conducted during 2002–2004 to determine fertility status, including sulfur (S) and micronutrients, and crop response to fertilization on farmers' fields in the semi-arid zone of India. Nine hundred-twenty four soil samples taken from farmers' fields, spread in the three districts of Andhra Pradesh (India), were analyzed for soil chemical fertility parameters. Results showed that samples were low in organic carbon (C), total nitrogen (N), and low to moderate in extractable phosphorus (P), but adequate in available potassium (K). Analyses of soil samples for extractable S and micronutrients was most revealing and showed that 73–95% of the farmers' fields were deficient in S, 70–100% in boron (B), and 62–94% in zinc (Zn). On-farm trials conducted during three seasons (2002–2004) showed significant yield responses of maize, castor, groundnut, and mung bean to the applications of S, B, and Zn. The yield responses were larger when S, Zn, and B were applied along with N and P. Applications of S, B and Zn also significantly increased the uptake of N, P, K, S, B, and Zn in the crop biomass. Results show widespread deficiencies of S, B, and Zn under dryland agricultural conditions; results also show that the nutrient deficiencies can be diagnosed by soil testing. It was concluded that the drylands in the semi-arid regions of India were not only thirsty (water shortage), but also hungry (nutrient deficiencies).     

DETERMINING THE ZINC REQUIREMENT OF ONION BY SEED ANALYSIS

Our study analyzed the effect of foliar tissues and seed tissue for determining the micronutrient status of a crop. Zinc (Zn) requirements of onion (Allium cepa L.) leaves and seeds were estimated from yield response curves based on field experiment conducted on a Zn-deficient calcareous soil. Three onion cultivars, i.e., ‘Swat-1’, ‘Phulkara’, and ‘Sariab Red’ were grown by applying 0, 2, 4, 8, and 16 kg Zn ha^?1. Zinc application significantly increased seed yield of all the three cultivars of onion. The order of seed yield response to Zn fertilization was: ‘Swat-1’ < ‘Phulkara’ < ‘Sariab Red’. Fertilizer Zn requirement for near-maximum seed yield was 2 kg Zn ha^?1. Zinc concentration in mature onion seed also appeared to be a good indicator of soil Zn availability status. Critical Zn concentration in seed was 18 mg Zn kg^?1, and in matured leaves was 21 mg kg^?1.     

NUTRIENT DISORDER SYMPTOMOLOGY AND FOLIAR CONCENTRATIONS OF CLERODENDRUM THOMSONIAE

Clerodendrum thomsoniae plants were grown in silica sand culture to induce and photograph nutritional disorder symptoms. Plants were grown with a complete modified Hoagland's all nitrate solution. The nutrient deficiency treatments were induced with a complete nutrient formula minus one of the nutrients. Boron toxicity was also induced by increasing the element ten times higher than the complete nutrient formula. Reagent grade chemicals and deionized water of 18-mega ohms purity were used to formulate treatment solutions. The plants were automatically irrigated and the solution drained from the bottom of the pot and captured for reuse. The nutrient solutions were completely replaced weekly. Plants were monitored daily to document and photograph sequential series of symptoms as they developed. Typical symptomology of nutrient disorders and critical tissue concentrations are presented. Plants were harvested for nutrient analysis when initial symptoms were expressed. Nutrient deficiency symptoms were described and foliar nutrient concentrations provided.     

Integrated effects of cattle manure-derived biochar and soil moisture conditions on soil chemical characteristics and soybean yield

ABSTRACT

A greenhouse experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of 0, 25, 50 and 100 ton ha^?1 of cattle manure-derived biochar (BC) and soil moisture conditions (SMC) of 100%, 70% and 55% of water-holding capacity (WHC) on soybean production. Most of the macro and micronutrient, soil chemical characteristics and yield production of soybean were significantly affected by BC. Under drought, BC was more effective than that of the non-stressed conditions. Interaction effect of SMC and BC on soil iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) concentrations was also significant indicating that different levels of water supply might show different impact under different levels of BC. Under drought, the higher BC applied, the higher grain yield obtained. Application of 0 to 75 ton BC ha^?1 under WHC caused a high grain yield but 100 ton BC ha^?1 significantly decreased it as compared with the other levels of BC. Positive impacts of BC may be more pronounced under drought. High level of BC in non-stressed conditions may reduce grain yield as occurred in this study. The statistical techniques indicated that higher content of macro and micronutrients negatively associated with yield production of soybean.     

新疆民丰县农田土壤微量营养元素含量及分布

基于新疆民丰县85组农田表层土壤样品中的6种微量营养元素(Fe、B、Mn、Cu、Zn、Mo)的实测含量,运用地统计学方法对研究区土壤中微量营养元素的含量及空间分布进行分析。结果表明:Cu、Fe、Mn元素的块金系数在25%~75%,为中等程度的空间自相关性,空间变异同时受到自然因素和人为因素的影响;土壤B、Zn、Mo元素的块金系数小于25%,具有强烈程度的空间自相关性,空间变异受到影响的因素主要有成土母质、气候等自然条件。Fe、B、Zn元素的平均含量处于较缺乏水平,Mn、Cu元素的平均含量处于中等水平,Mo元素的平均含量处于较丰富水平。研究区土壤中6种微量元素之间存在一定程度的相关性。土壤有机质和pH对土壤微量营养元素含量均有不同程度的影响。