论山区生态环境保护与山羊养殖对策

因为缺乏统一而科学的长远规划,山羊养殖业在山区发展面临了许多新的问题,笔者尝试对此进行简单的讨论.     

用单克隆抗体结合酶联免疫吸附试验检测棉铃虫幼虫体内的核多角体病毒

在常规ＥＬＩＳＡ间接法的基础上，应用单克隆抗体检测感染棉铃虫核型多角体病毒的棉铃虫幼虫体内病毒粒子。３龄幼虫饲喂表层涂有ＨａＮＰＶ人工饲料后９小时，即可在幼虫抽提液中检出病毒粒子抗原，而典型病虫显症需５～６天后才出现。因此本法是一种灵敏、快速、特异性强的检测昆虫杆状病毒的方法。利用单克隆抗体结合ＥＬＩＳＡ试验分别检测来自江苏和山东不同地区棉田自然死亡的棉铃虫幼虫，表明在江苏和山东不同棉区均可检测到ＨａＮＰＶ病毒粒子，但地区间棉铃虫核型多角体病毒检出频率有显著差异     

胚胎干细胞向神经细胞定向诱导分化方法的研究进展

胚胎干细胞具有自我更新和多向分化潜能,有望成为治疗神经系统疾病重要的种子细胞来源。如何高效地诱导胚胎干细胞向特定神经细胞分化是目前研究的热点。本文就胚胎干细胞定向分化成神经细胞的3种方法:RA诱导法、谱系选择法和SDIA法及其移植研究做一综述。     

改进平衡运输问题表上作业法中的最优方案判别法则

平衡运输问题数学模型的约束条件Ｘｉｊ≥，表明只讨论从发车点驶往收车点，不讨论任何形式的“逆向行驶”，但“逆向行驶”在运输实际中往往发生。本旨在通过改进平衡运输问题表上作业法中的判别法则，解决“逆向行驶”问题，使平衡运输方案真正达到最优化。     

载有集中质量梁的振动频率

本文所讨论的是载有集中质量的梁的振动频率.假设粱的一端由恒定刚度的弹簧铰定,另一端是自由的.通过频率方程求解,发现了极值频率定理.理论证明:如果集中质量很小(对梁的质量而言),当集中质量的位置改变,位于无载梁的某次简正振动的节点(腹点),振动频率具有极大(极小)值.极大频率就是梁在该次的简正振动的频率,与集中质量的大小无关;极小频率却与质量有关.最后在改变边界条件的情况下,梁振动的极值频率定理也被研究是成立的.所以本定理具有普遍意义.     

Major outer membrane proteins of Brucella spp.: past,present and future

The major outer membrane proteins (OMPs) of Brucella spp. were initially identified in the early 1980s and characterised as potential immunogenic and protective antigens. They were classified according to their apparent molecular mass as 36–38 kDa OMPs or group 2 porin proteins and 31–34 and 25–27 kDa OMPs which belong to the group 3 proteins. The genes encoding the group 2 porin proteins were identified in the late 1980s and consist of two genes, omp2a and omp2b, which are closely linked in the Brucella genome, and which share a great degree of identity (>85%). In the 1990s, two genes were identified coding for the group 3 proteins and were named omp25 and omp31. The predicted amino acid sequences of omp25 and omp31 share 34% identity. The recent release of the genome sequence of B. melitensis 16 M has revealed the presence of five additional gene products homologous to Omp25 and Omp31. The use of recombinant protein technology and monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) has shown that the major OMPs appear to be of little relevance as antigens in smooth (S) B. abortus or B. melitensis infections i.e. low or no protective activity in the mouse model of infection and low or no immunogenicity during host infection. However, group 3 proteins, in particular Omp31, appear as immunodominant antigen in the course of rough (R) B. ovis infection in rams and as important protective antigen in the B. ovis mouse model of infection. The major OMP genes display diversity and specific markers have been identified for Brucella species, biovars, and strains, including the recent marine mammal Brucella isolates for which new species names have been proposed. Recently, Omp25 has been shown to be involved in virulence of B. melitensis, B. abortus and B. ovis. Mutants lacking Omp25 are indeed attenuated in animal models of infection, and moreover provide levels of protection similar or better than currently used attenuated vaccine strain B. melitensis Rev.1. Therefore, these mutant strains appear interesting vaccine candidates for the future. The other group 3 proteins identified in the genome merit also further investigation related to the development of new vaccines.     

仔猪精氨酸的内源合成及其影响因素

由于精氨酸及其代谢产物具有广泛生物学作用,使得近年来研究者们在生理、生化和营养等方面对其作了大量的研究。母乳严重缺乏精氨酸,仔猪精氨酸内源合成对精氨酸的平衡起了重要作用,使得哺乳仔猪精氨酸的内源合成成为精氨酸营养的研究核心。通过对精氨酸内源合成路径和场所的了解,研究者们进一步研究了精氨酸内源合成的影响因素,主要有仔猪日龄、日粮中精氨酸的水平、乳酸盐和皮质醇的浓度等。本文就仔猪精氨酸内源合成的途径和场所、内源合成的量、影响因素以及精氨酸的需要量等进行了综述,重点阐述了精氨酸内源合成的影响因素。     

Genetic, phenotypic and pathogenic diversity among xanthomonads isolated from pistachio (Pistacia vera) in Australia

Repetitive extragenic palindromic polymerase chain reaction (rep-PCR), sequencing of the 16S−23S rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS), biochemical and physiological tests, the Biolog microplate system, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) of whole-cell proteins, and pathogenicity tests were used to characterize variability among xanthomonads isolated from pistachio trees suffering from bacterial dieback in four regions of Australia. ITS sequencing and rep-PCR revealed two distinct genotypes among the strains. The ITS sequencing suggested that the pistachio strains were closely related to Xanthomonas translucens pathovars, in particular X. translucens pv . poae . Results of physiological and biochemical tests, as well as Biolog microplate analysis and protein profiling, confirmed the existence of two groups. Furthermore, pathogenicity and host-range studies indicated that the two groups were biologically different. There was an association between the two groups and the geographical origin of the strains.     

哺乳动物嵌合体制作及分析进展

嵌合体技术对研究哺乳动物早期胚胎的发育,探索细胞分化规律,掌握基因的表达调控规律,建立遗传疾病动物模型等具有重要意义。本文分别就近几年来嵌合体动物的制作方法及分析手段作一简要概述。     

体细胞计数及其在降低奶牛乳房炎发病率方面的应用

介绍奶牛体细胞计数的概念、特征、测量方法、体细胞值所受到的影响及其在乳制品行业的应用,尤其是在降低奶牛乳房炎发病方面,用体细胞值作为一种遗传性状进行选择以提高奶牛对乳房炎抗性的应用。