断骨丹外敷用于全髋关节置换术后肢体肿胀的活血通络效果观察

目的 观察断骨丹外敷用于全髋关节置换术后肢体肿胀的活血通络效果。方法 选择2013年2月至2015年5月间在本院进行全髋关节置换术后肢体肿胀的患者共60例,按随机数字表随机分为两组,对照组和观察组各30例。对照组采用冰敷消肿,观察组以断骨丹外敷。分别测量两组患者下肢肿胀度及血清指标（TNF-α、IL-1、IL-6）水平,并对患者治疗效果进行评价,比较两组患者视觉模拟评分（VAS）和髋关节HSS功能评分。结果 观察组总有效率显著优于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;观察组患者经治疗后肿胀程度在术后第3天、第7天明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;治疗后两组患者TNF-α、IL-1、IL-6水平均显著降低,观察组水平明显低于对照组（P<0.01）;治疗后观察组疼痛VAS评分明显低于对照组（P<0.01）,髋关节HSS功能评分明显高于对照组（P<0.01）。结论 断骨丹外敷可有效缓解全髋关节置换术后肢体肿胀,起到良好的活血通络效果。     

高职院校市场营销课程教学模式改革的研究

目前高职院校市场营销课程教学模式存在问题,使营销专业学生很难和市场的需求接轨。通过对市场营销课程教学模式进行探讨,对教学目标,教学方法,实践教学和评价方法等提出改革建议。     

对农产品销售中物流成本的认识

为改善农产品销售中的物流管理,提高农产品的市场竞争力,服务好消费者,笔者对农产品物流成本等相关概念的界定和划分进行了探讨,并提出了农产品销售中物流成本的计算公式和情况分析。     

Pyrethroids, knockdown resistance and sodium channels

Knockdown resistance to DDT and the pyrethrins was first described in 1951 in the housefly (Musca domestica L.). This trait, which confers reduced neuronal sensitivity to these insecticides, was subsequently shown to confer cross-resistance to all synthetic pyrethroid insecticides that have been examined to date. As a consequence, the worldwide commercial development of pyrethroids as a major insecticide class over the past three decades has required constant awareness that pyrethroid overuse has the potential to reselect this powerful resistance mechanism in populations that previously were resistant to DDT. Demonstration of tight genetic linkage between knockdown resistance and the housefly gene encoding voltage-sensitive sodium channels spurred efforts to identify gene mutations associated with knockdown resistance and understand how these mutations confer a reduction in the sensitivity of the pyrethroid target site. This paper summarizes progress in understanding pyrethroid resistance at the molecular level, with particular emphasis on studies in the housefly.     

基于FRL的韩国绿茶消费现状研究

以食品相关生活型态（FRL）细分市场,可帮助企业清楚地认识消费者的真实性,进而更精确瞄准目标市场, 制定营销战略。本研究根据FRL法设计问卷,对420名韩国不同年龄和性别的消费者进行市场调查,运用探索性因素分析法对问卷分类,得到5种FRL类型;通过对上述对象进行聚类分析和交叉分析,导出5种类型消费者的人口特征、绿茶消费现状和消费行为。研究发现,健康组人数在5组人群中最多,占总调查数的32%,其中50%的人饮绿茶每月80杯以上,20%的人每月茶叶消费大于51g;而安全追求组中30%的人群月消费量大于51g。77%的人群月购买力小于15000韩元。分析表明,为推动韩国绿茶消费,生产者应采取如下策略：积极争取高兴趣组人群,科学引导安全组和健康组的购买欲望,以及为简易追求组开发快速方便茶饮品等,以满足各类消费者和消费市场发展的要求。     

Nematicidal activity of anion transport blockers against Meloidogyne incognita, Caenorhabditis elegans and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora

BACKGROUND: Because methyl bromide has been phased out as a soil sterilant, new nematicides are urgently needed. Four different chemical classes of organic acids acting as anion transport (AT) blockers were tested against a free-living nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans Maupas, a plant-parasitic nematode, Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White) Chitwood, and an entomopathogenic nematode, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar, in toxicity bioassays. The materials tested were DIDS (4,4'-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid), 9-AC (anthracene-9-carboxylic acid), NPPB [5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)benzoic acid] and IAA-94 (indanyloxyacetic acid). RESULTS: All the compounds showed slowly developing nematicidal activity against second-stage juveniles of M. incognita and adults of C. elegans, but not against H. bacteriophora infective-stage juveniles. The LC(50) values of these compounds were < 50 mg L(-1) after 48 and 72 h incubation, while at 168 h incubation the LC(50) values were < 10 mg L(-1) for both sensitive species. Across both species and time, the LC(50) values generally differed no more than twofold among the four compounds tested in this study. In contrast, none of the compounds (200 mg L(-1)) caused more than control mortality to H. bacteriophora, even after 168 h of incubation. CONCLUSION: These compounds are potential leads for commercial nematicides. The insensitivity to H. bacteriophora is consistent with the natural exposure of this nematode to DST (3,5-dihydroxy-4-isopropylstilbene), a stilbene produced by its symbiotic bacterium. Based on the known activity of the compounds used in this study, it is suggested that anion transporters form the probable target sites for DIDS, 9-AC, NPPB and IAA-94 in nematodes.     

Structural and functional basis for the long QT syndrome: relevance to veterinary patients

Long QT syndrome (LQTS) is a condition characterized by prolongation of ventricular repolarization and is manifested clinically by lengthening of the QT interval on the surface ECG. Whereas inherited forms of LQTS associated with mutations in the genes that encode ion channel proteins are identified only in humans, the acquired form of LQTS occurs in humans and companion animal species. Often, acquired LQTS is associated with drug-induced block of the cardiac K+ current designated I(Kr). However, not all drugs that induce potentially fatal ventricular arrhythmias antagonize I(Kr), and not all drugs that block I(Kr), are associated with ventricular arrhythmias. In clinical practice, the extent of QT interval prolongation and risk of ventricular arrhythmia associated with antagonism of I(Kr) are modulated by pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic variables. Veterinarians can influence some of the potential risk factors (eg, drug dosage, route of drug administration, presence or absence of concurrent drug therapy, and patient electrolyte status) but not all (eg, patient gender/genetic background). Veterinarians need to be aware of the potential for acquired LQTS during therapy with drugs identified as blockers of HERG channels and I(Kr).     

THE NATURE OF ENLARGED "VASCULAR CHANNELS" IN THE NAVICULAR BONE OF THE HORSE

The morphologic features of the areas along the distal margin of the navicular bone, previously termed vascular channels, and their relationship to blood vessels in this area are described. Alterations in these channels have long been considered one of the pathognomonic signs of navicular disease and suggestive of vascular change. This study of the navicular bones of 4 normal yearlings and 12 adult horses from the pathology service demonstrate that the vascular channels are lined not with blood vessels or vascular endothelium, but rather with synovial tissue displaying a normal vascular supply. The channels represent invaginations of synovial tissue from the synovial fossae into the bone and therefore are more correctly termed "synovial invaginations." The process by which this invagination occurs remains unknown.     

Effects of P266T mutation on the characteristics of ATP-sensitive potassium channel

ATPAIM: The activity of ATP-sensitive potassium ion channel (K_ATP) is related to the myocardial function and its electrophysiology. In this study, we investigated the effect of the modulation of ATP-sensitive potassium channel on the electrophysiology of ATP-sensitive potassium channel.METHODS: cDNA of Kir6.2 and its mutation type P266T were transfected into the embryonic kidney cells to express K_ATP. The electrophysiology of K_ATP was investigated by using the whole-cell patch-clamp method. RESULTS: The open-state probability of P266T was twice as high as the wild-type channel, while its channel density was only 20% of the wild-type. P266T mutation significantly reduced the ATP sensitivity and the pH sensitivity.