海洋环境变化对水产品贸易影响的实证研究——以浙江省为例

浙江省作为沿海省份,随着其工业经济的快速发展和人民生活需求的提高,一方面工业企业向环境排放了大量的污染物,使得污染物最终流入大海,从而破坏了水产品的生长环境;另一方面由于人均可支配收入的增加,人们加大了对水产品的消费需求。近年来浙江省海洋环境形势严峻,其好坏直接影响到水产品贸易的发展。文章拟从分析工业发展和城市化引起的海洋污染入手,着重阐明海洋环境的好坏与水产品出口的关系,并提出发展水产品贸易的对策建议。     

论地方渔民协会在我国海洋渔业可持续发展中的作用——来自海安老坝港镇捕捞协会的启示

近年来海洋渔业面临资源衰退、渔场减少、因渔民众多而监管成本高等问题，严重阻碍了我国海洋渔业经济的可持续发展。文章首先从交易成本的视觉对渔民协会在实现海洋渔业经济可持续发展中的作用进行了理论分析，然后以江苏海安县老坝港镇捕捞协会为对象，对理论推演的结论进行了实证检验。研究表明，老坝港捕捞渔民协会的成立，一方面能够在保证转业者福利不低于捕捞业的情况下，协助转业者寻找替代性就业机会，从而有利于降低捕捞业的劳动力人数，减轻对渔业资源的压力；另一方面能使政府在市场经济条件下提高管理效率、降低政府和渔民的交易成本，有利于促进海洋捕捞渔业的可持续发展。     

无线网在海洋渔业中的应用探讨

当今互联网迅猛发展，各行各业应用互联网进行信息化管理已成必然趋势。但是由于海洋渔业所涉及的面广、点多、点分散等特点，在应用互联网进行信息化管理方面有一定的困难。然而随着无线互联网的出现与普及，海洋渔业也能象其它行业一样越来越多地应用互联网，加快渔业信息化的进程。     

中国海洋生物多样性保护研究进展与几个热点问题

根据近年最新研究成果,对中国海洋生物多样性保护和研究进展进行了综述。文章重点阐述了海洋生物遗传多样性、物种多样性和生态系统多样性状况、保护现状及其研究进展,分析了目前海洋生物多样性保护所面临的主要威胁;探讨了近期中国海洋生物多样性保护研究的几个热点问题。     

Growth, digestibility and nutrient utilization of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles fed different dietary soybean oil levels

A shortage of marine raw ingredients, such as fish oil, is predicted in the near future. The use of suitable alternative lipid sources, such as vegetable oils, is crucial for sustainable growth of the aquaculture sector. Three isonitrogenous (50% Crude Protein) and isoenergetic (19 kJ g⁻¹) diets, in which fish oil was gradually replaced by soybean oil (0, 25 and 50% of the oil fraction) were tested for 12 weeks, using European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) juveniles. No dietary effects (p>0.05) on growth performance, feed conversion, digestibility or body composition were observed with either species. The results obtained suggest the inclusion of soybean oil up to 50% of the dietary lipid is possible, in diets for sea bass and/or rainbow trout juveniles.     

Biological implications of recreational shore angling and harvest in a marine reserve: the case of Cape Creus

• 1. Recreational shore fishing along the coast of the marine reserve of Cap de Creus (NW Mediterranean) was studied in 2007 and 2009 based on roving creel surveys (on‐site angler surveys during which anglers' harvests are examined by the survey clerk). The study aimed to assess the biological impacts of this leisure activity on coastal fish stocks and the potential risks arising from the use of exotic baits.
• 2. Recreational shore fishers employ seven different fishing techniques, of which the bottom fishing rod (a fishing rod whose hooks, together with the bait, lie on the bottom or near it by means of a heavy weight) is by far the most widely used method (nearly 90% of observations). In total, 25 fish species were identified in the catch from the bottom fishing rod.
• 3. The estimated annual shore fishing catches (c.3 tons) are much lower than those obtained by recreational boat and spear fishing (c.20 tons each), and those from commercial (artisanal) fishing (c.50 tons). The weighted mean vulnerability index and trophic level values in the catch from the bottom fishing rod are 52.2 and 4.03, respectively.
• 4. A minimum of 43% of the baits used by the shore anglers were live, non‐native species (mostly polychaetes).
• 5. Overall, results highlight the impact of shore angling on coastal fish communities of a protected area and the increasing environmental risks arising from the use of exotic marine baits, which constitute a potential and unregulated vector of introduction of non‐native species in the Mediterranean. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

     

Nutrient composition and metamorphosis success of Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus, L.) larvae fed natural zooplankton or Artemia

Atlantic halibut larvae were fed docosohexanoic acid- (DHA) selco enriched Artemia (RH-cysts) or wild zooplankton in duplicate tanks from first-feeding and 60 days onward. The zooplankton were collected from a fertilized sea water pond and consisted mainly of different stages of Eurytemora affinis and Centropages hamatus . There were no differences in survival, or in growth during the first 45 days of feeding, between larvae fed the two prey items, but the larvae fed Artemia showed much higher incidence of malpigmentation and impaired eye migration than larvae fed zooplankton. The prey organisms contained similar amounts of dry matter and protein, but Artemia was higher in lipid and glycogen than the zooplankton. Larvae fed Artemia were higher in both glycogen and lipid than the zooplankton-fed larvae towards the end of the feeding period. There were large differences between the prey organisms in the concentrations of essential fatty acids (% of total fatty acids) which was reflected in the fatty acid composition of the larval body. It is concluded that the macronutrient composition of Artemia in the present study was probably within the optimal range for promotion of growth and survival in young Atlantic halibut. The concentration of n-3 HUFA, and especially DHA, is however, very much lower in enriched Artemia than in copepods, and may be one of the factors triggering developmental errors in Atlantic halibut.     

Artificial Reefs, the Attraction-production Issue, and Density Dependence in Marine Ornamental Fishes

Artificial reefs may provide a useful tool to enhance production of marine ornamentals and to divert detrimental harvesting activities from sensitive natural habitat. The efficacy of this strategy depends, in part, on the extent to which artificial reefs contribute to new production (vs. attract fishes from natural habitat) and therefore benefit harvested populations on a local and regional basis. Here the attraction and production hypotheses and their application to marine ornamentals are presented. Specifically, it is discussed how the strength and timing of density dependence can affect the response of fish population dynamics to artificial reefs. In addition to this discussion, examples of density dependence in marine ornamentals and related reef fishes are provided. Based on this information, a simple conceptual model is presented to clarify the role of density dependence, and this is followed by a discussion on the use of artificial reefs in the management and production of marine ornamentals. Finally, unresolved scientific issues that remain to be addressed are provided.