我国高校环境科学专业本科人才培养改革浅探

随着环境问题的日益复杂以及科技的快速发展,我国传统的环境科学专业人才培养模式已不能适应社会发展的需要。该文通过分析我国目前环境科学专业人才培养存在问题,提出环境科学专业人才培养应采取的思路和具体途径,旨在为我国环境科学专业建设与发展提供参考。     

项目教学法在高职高专种植类专业教学中的运用

高职高专种植类专业课程的特点必须注重实操性与创新性.为了培养高素质、高能力、复合型人才,要求教师必须不断探索新的教学方法.本文介绍了一种在各国高校其它专业已经成功应用的“项目教学法”,结合作者几年的教学实践经验总结,重点探讨了“项目教学法”在本专业的操作优势和具体实施过程,同时指出该教学法存在的局限性和应注意事项,为在种植类专业各课程中推广“项目教学法”提出一些建设性措施和方法.     

Comparative Biomass Production of Six Oat Varieties in a Saline Soil Ecology

Oat is widely used as a food source in human and animal diets. In China, supplementary cultivation of oat has recently been extended into marginal saline soils, due to its extensive use. The goal of the present study was to explore and compare the agronomic characteristics, biomass production, and distribution of oat in coastal saline soil. A single-factor randomized block design experiment with six naked and husked oat varieties [Bayou-1 (BU-1), Baiyan-2 (BY-2), Baiyan-7 (BY-7), Huawan-6 (HW-6), Huazao-2 (HZ-2), and Pin-16 (P-16)] as treatments was conducted in the Hebei Province of China. The growth period (77 to 88 days) of the six oat varieties were shorter in saline soil than their original breeding region. Moreover, the plant was shorter, with a lower grain number per plant and seed setting. Grain weight increased and no change was observed in the floret number in coastal saline soil relative to the original habitats. The BY-7 variety produced the highest biomass value of 7.0 t ha^?1 compared to the other five varieties. Compared with two active growth points, most varieties in the present study showed just one growth activity point between elongation and heading. Two fast growth periods for the six oat varieties were due to the high total leaf biomass growth rate (BGR) from elongation to heading and panicle BGR from heading to maturity. The biomass growth ratio (BGO) during elongation to heading was the largest among the four growth stages of the oat varieties. The number of kernels per spike decreased at the research site, but grain weight increased. Substantial differences were observed for growth periods, biomass, BGR, BGO, and other agronomic characters in the coastal saline soil of North China, but the BY-7 variety was the most suitable variety for the study site.     

超级稻病虫发生特点及其药剂防治技术

超级稻从孕穗末至齐穗期如遇上连续阴雨天,稻曲病大发生,纹枯病发生较普遍;二化螟、稻飞虱发生量大,危害较重。在超级稻大田生长期,抓住施药适期,选用高效、内吸、广谱、环保型农药,进行3～4次防治,可有效防控病虫危害,达到节本增效、减少农药污染的目的。     

微胶囊剂农药发展概述

本文综合叙述了微胶囊农药的发展状况、制备方法及微胶囊农药的特点，并讨论了影响农药释放速率的因素。     

蘑菇褐腐病菌生物学特性和防治

蘑菇褐腐病菌菌丝生长和分生孢子萌发适宜温度为24～25℃,低至10℃,高达35℃,孢子停止萌发,在35℃和40℃恒温中,分别经5天和1天,菌丝均失去生活力;高湿有利于菌丝生长和孢子萌发,100％相对湿度下分生孢子萌发率最高;菌丝生长和分生孢子萌发最适宜pH值分别为6和6.4,幼嫩蘑菇煮出液最能刺激孢子萌发,该病菌在菇床初侵染源是覆盖了带有病菌的覆盖土,在夏季对覆盖土壤进行日光曝晒4～5天,覆土前7天,用36％～38％化学纯甲醛3.5kg,兑水20～30kg,喷洒于种植111m~2蘑菇的覆盖土中熏蒸48h以上,防病效果均理想;发病后及时挖除病菇,能防止病菌再侵染,减轻褐腐病的为害。     

内蒙古土地资源与合理利用

内蒙古土地资源的特征:①土地面积辽阔;②土地地势高而平坦;③土地质量随地带性分布规律递变;④牧业用地比重大;⑤土地利用地区差异显著;⑥土地生产力低而不稳;⑦土地退化普遍。土地资源的合理利用;①因地制宜,合理布局;②改善农田生态系统;③合理利用草原;④增加森林覆盖率;⑤充分利用水域;⑥加强土地管理。     

武昌郊区蔬菜害虫(鳞翅目)寄生六索线虫的生物学特性

武昌郊区蔬菜种植地的六索线虫其含胚卵和Ⅱ期幼虫在土壤中全年均可存在,故在害虫发生季节,就有自然感染现象发生的可能;由于受降水量和气温的影响,一年中只出现春、秋两个感染高峰期,在最适条件下,六索线虫一年可完成两个世代;六索线虫的Ⅳ期幼虫、成虫、含胚卵和Ⅲ期幼虫均可越冬,且越冬的含胚卵和Ⅱ期幼虫是春季感染的主要线虫虫源.不合理地使用农药和不适时地更换茬口是影响六索线虫资源保护和利用的主要人为因子;伏秋干旱季节,采用畦间沟灌法抗旱,可提高自然感染率并使六索线虫资源得以充分利用.     

南方巨峰葡萄产量和品质性状与负载量间关系的研究（Ⅱ）每平方米架面留结果母枝量的探讨

１９８６～１９８８年对５年生巨峰葡萄连续３ａ的试验结果表明：每平方米架面留５根结果母枝，产量为３．５４～３．６５ｋｇ，６６７ｍ￣２产量为２０２７～２４３４ｋｇ，单穗平均重１９３．３０ｇ，平均单果粒重６．６７ｇ。其可溶性固形物为１２．７６％～１３．４９％，着色度在７０．６％～６３．７％，固酸比约为１５．１３％。     

苜蓿皂甙的理化性质及其生物学功能

虽然苜蓿皂甙作为一种抗营养因子限制了苜蓿在畜牧生产中的广泛应用,但苜蓿皂甙能够降低单胃动物血浆胆固醇,为人类提供安全、保健的畜产品。为此本文对苜蓿皂甙的理化性质、制备及生物学功能进行了综述。